Marketing efficiency

The dramatic shift in consumer understanding and readiness to accept functional foods for health care means that clinically efficacious rice bran products can be introduced to the functional food market. Efficient marketing strategies through healthcare professionals need to be developed if rice bran products are to reach their target population. 

Ion beams are useful to simulate the environment in space, where semiconductor devices are exposed to high-energy heavy-ion impact. Incorrect operation of semiconductor devices such as single-event upset results from the heavy-ion irradiation. The cocktail ion families of MjQ = 4 and 5, available at the JAERI AVF cyclotron facility [24], are frequently utilized to investigate the tolerance of the semiconductor devices to the radiation, and to survey highly radiation-tolerant semiconductor devices appearing in the market. Efficiency of the radiation-tolerance testing for thousands of kinds of semiconductor devices has been totally improved by the cocktail acceleration technique. 

A variety of policy "remedies" are available for such equity concerns, but they all tax some people and transfer the proceeds to others. The policies range from simple tax-and-transfer schemes to vouchers to "free" government information to mandates that firms provide information. The programs vary in their effects on market efficiency. A general lesson from economics is that if redistribution occurs, it should augment purchasing power rather than directly alter the behavior of market participants. 

How to initially allocate allowances has long been a central issue in the debate on market-based instrument design. Since Montgomery put forward some 30 years ago that market efficiency would be independent of the initial allocation modes used to distribute tradable permits (Montgomery, 1972), considerable advances have been made to further understanding of the implications of... 

Richards, Indigenous Agricultural Revolution, p. 43. In this context Richards is accepting the premise that the only test is market efficiency, providing that it is sustainable. 

In the first case, governments can devolve trading activity to the level of companies in order to enhance carbon market efficiency, and trade only on behalf of sectors not covered by domestic emissions trading schemes ([Ql]Hahn and Stavins, 1999). In fact, this is the approach currently adopted by the European Union, where EU ETS allowances (EUAs) traded across national country borders correspond to Kyoto units (AAUs). Another design option relates to whether companies may or may not be allowed to trade with governments. According to economic theory this would be the most efficient option. ... 

The ACSA included a Carbon Market Efficiency Board with the power, at its discretion, to (1) increase the quantity of emission allowances that an entity can bonow (2) expand the period of repayment for borrowed allowances ... 

Kearsley, G. (1989), Introducing New Technology into the Workplace Retraining Issues and Strategies, in Investing in People—A Strategy to Address America s Workforce Crisis, U.S. Department of Labor, Commission on Workforce Quality and Labor Market Efficiency, Washington, DC, pp. 457-491. 

Alderson, W. (1950), Marketing Efficiency and the Principle of Postponement, Cost and Profit Outlook, Vol. 3, September. 

Brennan, M., Schwartz, E., 1982. An equilibrium model of bond pricing and a test of market efficiency. J. Financ. Quant. Anal. 17 (3), 301-329. 

On the one hand, social and environmental labels provide consumers with the information they want, so they increase market efficiency acting as information policy instrument. On the other hand, they help enterprises to mitigate the environmental and social impacts of their business, thus acting as an environmental policy instrument (see Figure 15.3). 

Michael J. Brennan and Eduardo Schwartz, An Equilibrium Model of Bond Prices and a Test of Market Efficiency, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 17 (1982), pp. 301-329. 

Klemkosky, R., and B. Resnick. 1979. Put-Call Parity and Market Efficiency. 

In 1991, Schipper showed that the information analysts produce improves the market efficiency by helping investors to value companies assets more accurately . In line with this statement, we presume that if everyone started using TRP ratio as the proper measure of stock s value, assets would be priced more efficiently and the opportunity of earning higher abnormal returns would disappear. We therefore conclude that there are clear indications the market currently operates inefficiently, but with more frequent use of this important information, it could become efficient. 

The sweeping transformation of the British ESI that began in 1988 for the purpose of privatizing the electricity sector and increasing market efficiency had substantial impacts on hardware reliability, human factors, and safety regulation in the U.K. nuclear power industry. Those impacts are each briefly discussed below. 

At the end of the day, the private sector should bear the risk and capture the rewards of developing commercial technology that will ultimately compete in the market. Historically, governments tend to be ineffective at supplying markets efficiently. The private sector is far more successful. Even more importantly, it is the private sector and not the government that should suffer the loss if mistakes are made. 

About four years later, I got to know the man behind the reputation— first as a client and then as a dear friend. Speaking professionally, Moorad is a challenging and, at times, daunting client— having earned the respect of my mentor, Jim Croke, years before 1 ever started working with Moorad. He always demands the best work product, which is not easy to provide given his desire to create new, innovative and dynamic structured credit products. His drive is fostered by an academic zeal to find market efficiencies where others have failed to look, but his approach to deals is equally tempered by an overriding principle that his reputation as a scrupulous businessman must not be tarnished. He reminds me in many ways... 

However, considering the portable market, efficiency and cost are less important than system size, so these trade-offs are acceptable. The most developed DAFC is the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Many prototype and nearly commercial DMFC systems exist for powering small electronics, laptop computers, cell phones, hand-held electronics, and other devices. Direct alcohol fuel cells are expected to occupy a growing market for portable power for years into the future. 

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