Marine animal oils

Analyses in accordance with the Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil Chemist s Society except for presence of fish and marine animal oils in accordance with Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. 

Mustard oils, marine animal oils, rape oil. 

Jecoric. Ci H COOH Cod-liver and marine animal oils. 

Fish and Marine Animal Oils.—Various oils of this class have, until recently, entered largely into the composition of soft soaps, but a demand has now arisen for soft soaps made from vegetable oils. We quote a few typical analyses of these oils —... 

Fish or marine animal oils—whale, seal, etc., once largely used as raw material for soft soap, have been superseded by vegetable oils. 

The Committee maintains that it is almost impossible to obtain complete extraction with light petroleum in the case of some of the marine animal oils, and also that, although titration of the unsaponifiable matter gives an index of the free fatty acids present, to apply a correction involves the use of an arbitrary equivalent of such acidic material which, if acid soap is present, may be far from the correct figure. 

Other docosenoic acids, such as cetoleic acid 1-docosenoic acid) found in fish and marine animal oils, and in partially hydrogenated fish oils used in blended human dietary fats, have also been shown to cause lipidosis when fed at high concentrations to the test animals— but to a significantly less extent than erucic acid. The formation of long-term lesions from this diet is, however, less marked, and more variable from species to species of test animal. Comprehensive reviews on the dietary effects of docosenoic acids have been prepared by Beare-Rogers and the FAO/WHO. ... 

C22H34O2. A straight-chain fatty acid with 5 double bonds. A major component of fish oils and the oils of marine animals, clupeine Protamine class protein found in the sperm and testicles of the herring. On hydrolysis it gives about 90% of argenine. 

Fats and oils may be synthesized in enantiomerically pure forms in the laboratory (30) or derived from vegetable sources (mainly from nuts, beans, and seeds), animal depot fats, fish, or marine mammals. Oils obtained from other sources differ markedly in their fatty acid distribution. Table 2 shows compositions for a wide variety of oils. One variation in composition is the chain length of the fatty acid. Butterfat, for example, has a fairly high concentration of short- and medium-chain saturated fatty acids. Oils derived from cuphea are also a rich source of capric acid which is considered to be medium in chain length (32). Palm kernel and coconut oils are known as lauric oils because of their high content of C-12 saturated fatty acid (lauric acid). Rapeseed oil, on the other hand, has a fairly high concentration of long-chain (C-20 and C-22) fatty acids. 

Tran, m. train oil (from any marine animal), fish oil (with a prefix) oil blubber, -bren-nerei, /. = Transiederei. 

Kannan, K., J. Falandysz, N. Yamashita, S. Tanabe, and R. Tatasukawa. 1992. Temporal trends of organochlorine concentrations in cod-liver oil from the southern Baltic proper, 1971-1989. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 24 358-363. Kawano, M., T. Inoue, T. Wada, H. Hidaka, and R. Tatasukawa. 1988. Bioconcentration and residue patterns of chlordane compounds in marine animals invertebrates, fish, mammals, and seabirds. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22 792-797. 

The dynamics of oil-in-water dispersion (OWD) are complex and have relevance related to potential toxicity or hazard. In comparing the toxicides to marine animals of oil-in-water dispersions prepared from different oils, not only the amount of oil added but also the concentrations of oil in the aqueous phase and the composition and dispersion-forming characteristics of the parent oil must be taken into consideration. In comparing the potential impacts of spills of different oils on the marine biotic community, the amount of oil per unit water volume required to cause mortality is of greater importance than any other aspect of the crude oil behavior. 

The marine animal waxes are both solid and liquid. The solid marine animal waxes are represented by a wax of considerable economic importance, namely spermaceti, derived from a concrete obtained from the head of the sperm whale. The liquid waxes of marine animals arc represented by speim oil obtained from the blubbei and cavities in the head of the sperm whale. Spermaceti is the wax used in the candle which defines our unit of candle power it is used chiefly as a base for ointments, cerates, etc. Sperm oil contains a considerable amount of esters made up of unsaturated alcohols and acids, both of which are susceptible to hydrogenation. Hydrogenated sperm oil is the equivalent of spermaceti wax and harder than the commercial pressed spermaceti. Both yield cetyl alcohol as the unsaponifiable. There is a fairly large demand for cetyl alcohol in the manufacture of lipstick, shampoo, and other cosmetics. Sperm oil itself is an excellent lubricant for lubricating spindles of cotton and woolen mills, or wherever there is need for a very light, limpid, nongummmg lubricant. 

Fish, other marine animals, their products and by-products fish, fish oil and cod-liver oil not refined fish molluscan or crustacean... 

Fish, other marine animals, their products and by-products fish, fish oil and cod-liver oil not refined fish molluscan or crustacean autolysates, hydrolysate and proteolysates obtained by an enzyme action, whether or not in soluble form, solely provided to young animals. Fishmeal... 

Waxes are common forms of high-energy storage, in the oils of fish and other marine animals. The major lipids of commercial whale oil consist of approximately 65 percent waxes and 35 percent TAG. The lipids of Australian orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) and dory fish oils are 97.1 and 90.9 percent wax esters, respectively.58 Essentially all the oil in jojoba (Simmondsia chiensis) seed is in wax form. Whale and jojoba oils have been valued for stability in cosmetics and heavy-duty lubrication applications. 

Cyclic fatty acids with a carbon ring alone or at the end of the alkyl chain occur naturally in plants, especially in certain seed oils and in microorganisms. Cyclopropane fatty acids are reported occasionally from marine animals and may be synthesized by symbiotic bacteria. In addition, a variety of carbocyclic structures are formed from methylene-intermpted polyenes during food processing. 

Hydrogenation is the most widely used and practical method of preparing fats and oils capable of imparting essential physical and functional properties to shortening. It is presently used to modify and stabilize marine, animal, and all types of vegetable oils. An excellent synopsis of batch and continuous hydrogenation processes is presented by Edvardsson and Irandoust (12). 

Torrey Canyon oil disaster off Cornish Coast - 119 000 tons of crude oil and excessive use of detergent kill many marine animals... 

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