Mangroves

FIGURE 6.46 The oligomeric states of hemerythrin in various marine worms, (a) The hemerythrin in Thermkte zostericola crystallized as a monomer (b) the octameric hemerythrin crystallized from Phascolopsis gouldii (c) the trimeric hemerythrin crystallized from Sipiwnosoma collected in mangrove swamps in Fiji. 

Popp, M. (1984). Chemical composition of Australian mangroves. II. low molecular weight carbohydrates. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysiologie, 113, 411-21. 

F. T. Gillan and R. W. Hogg, A method for the estimation of bacterial biomass and community structure in mangrove-associated sediments, J. Microb. Methods 2 275 (1984). 

In the Delaware and Chesapeake estuaries (USA), uranium shows distinctly nonconservative behavior at salinities <5 (Sarin and Church 1994 Church et al. 1996). This was suggested to be due to sedimentary redox processes in the extensive salt marshes in the Delaware and Chesapeake bays. From mass balance calculations it was concluded that almost two-thirds of the uranium in the tidal waters were retained in the sediments. It was also suggested that, extrapolated globally, uranium removal in salt marshes and marine wetlands, including mangroves, are important sinks for U that may responsible for up to 50% of the total marine removal (Church et al. 1996). Removal of U is also observed within the Baltic Sea, related to the association of U with colloids (see Section 2.5). 

Other aquatic weeds such as reed mat, mangrove (leaves), and water lily (Nymphaceae family plants) have been found to be promising biosorbents for chromium removal. The highest Cr(III) adsorption capacity was exhibited by reed mat (7.18 mg/g), whereas for Cr(VI), mangrove leaves showed maximum removal capacity (8.87 mg/g) followed by water lily (8.44 mg/g). It is interesting to mention that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), with the help of tannin, phenolic compounds, and other functional groups on the biosorbent, and subsequently adsorbed. Unlike the results discussed previously for the use of acidic treatments, in this case, such treatments significantly increased the Cr(VI) removal capacity of the biosorbents, whereas the alkali treatment reduced it.118... 

The tannins are synthesized by plants and are abundantly distributed in many different forms of plant life. Common sources of tannins include for example, the bark, leaves, fruit and roots of many plants most tannins, however, have been and are still derived from the bark of a few trees and shrubs, such as oak, chestnut, hemlock, mangrove, quebracho, and wattle, from which they are generally extracted with water. 

Chen, Angeli S-H. "Flavonoid Pigments in the Red Mangrove, Rhizophora Mangle L., of the Florida Everglades and in the Peat Derived from it, M.S. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 1971, 233 pp. 

Spackman, W. Cohen, A. D. Given, P. H. Casagrande, D. J. "The Comparative Study of the Okefenokee Swamp and the Everglade s-Mangrove Swamp-Marsh Complex of Southern Florida, Field guidebook printed for Geol. Soc. Amer. Pre-convention field trip, 15-17 November 1974 (subsequently published by Coal Research Section, Pennsylvania State University, 1976), 403 pp. 

McKee, K. L., Feller, I. C., Popp, M. and Wanek, W. (2002) Mangrove isotopic (81SN and 813C) fractionation across a nitrogen vs. phosphorus limitation gradient. Ecology 83, 1065 1075. 

Fig. 3. A proposed biochemical pathway for aerobic degradation of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) by Pasteurella multocida Sa isolated from mangrove sediment (Li and Gu 2006).

Li K, Gu J-D (2004) Biodegradation of di- -butyl phthalate by mangrove microorganism Rhodococcus rubber IK. Chin J Appl Ecol 16 1566-1568 (in Chinese)... 

Xu XR, Li HB, Gu J-D (2005b) Degradation of -butyl benzyl phthalate by Pseudomonas fluorescens B-l isolated from mangrove sediment. J Microbiol Bio-... 

Yin B, Gu J-D, Wan N (2005) Degradation of indole by enrichment culture and Pseudonmonas aeruginosa Gs isolated from mangrove sediment. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 56 243-248... 

Yin B, Gu J-D, Huang L (2006) Aerobic degradation of 3-methylindole by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from mangrove sediment. J Human Ecol Risk Assess 12 248-258... 

Seaskaters (oceanic insects), Halobates spp., Rheumobates sp. whole from mangrove swamps... 

Miller, D.L., J.P. Corliss, R.N. Farragut, and H.C. Thompson, Jr. 1982. Some aspects of the uptake and elimination of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon chrysene by mangrove snapper, Lutjanus griseus, and pink shrimp, Penaeus duorarum. Pages 321-335 in N.L. Richards and B.L. Jackson (eds.). Symposium Carcinogenic Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment. U.S. Environ. Protection Agency Rep. 600/9-82-013. 

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