Marine worm

FIGURE 6.7 The three-dimensional structures of two proteins that contain substantial amounts of rx-helix in their structures. The helices are represented by the regularly coiled sections of the ribbon drawings. Myohemery-thrin is the oxygen-carrying protein in certain invertebrates, including Sipunculids, a phylum of marine worm. (Jane Richardson)... 

FIGURE 6.46 The oligomeric states of hemerythrin in various marine worms, (a) The hemerythrin in Thermkte zostericola crystallized as a monomer (b) the octameric hemerythrin crystallized from Phascolopsis gouldii (c) the trimeric hemerythrin crystallized from Sipiwnosoma collected in mangrove swamps in Fiji. 

Polychaeta (marine worms), 216 Polycirrus, 335 Polyipnus, 338 Polynoe, 216, 243, 335 Polynoidae, 216... 

Fig.1 The chitin-secreting gland of the marine worm Riftia pachyptila. Part 1 the central lumen (7, upper-right corner) contains the amorphous chitin secretion (c) the suh-lumen marked with an arrow is emptying its content in the central lumen. Part 2 chitin mi-crofihrils sections (c) the filamentous network (arrows) that connects the edges of the crystallite sections, seems to contain protein (From ShUlito et al., in Chitin Enzymology, Vol. 1, R.A.A. Muzzarelli (ed.) pp. 129-136, Atec, Italy, 1993)...

Marine Worms. (Platyhelminthes, Rynchocoela, Annelida, Sipunaelida.) A variety of species from worm phylla have been found to contain toxins. There are approximately 56,000 species of worms (14,000 annelids, 25,000 platyhelminthes, 15,000 nematodes, and 800 nemertines), and of these, most of the toxic species are found in the nemertines. The most well-known toxin is nereisotoxin which has been modified to form a very useful insecticide. 

Marine Worms (Platyhelminthes, Rynchocoela, Annelida, and Sipunaelida). 

Marine worm, Nephtys hombergi whole March vs. October 9 FW vs. 89 FW 38... 

Marine worm, Nereis diversicolor, 500 pg/L at three salinities and three temperatures... 

The simplest way to pack a pair of adjacent helices is to place them anti-parallel to one another connected by a short loop. A frequently encountered domain structure in proteins is a bundle of four helices with their long axes aligned around a central-hydrophobic core. This is illustrated by myohaemerythrin (Figure 4.11), a non-haem oxygen transport protein in marine worms. 

Hemerythrin is a respiratory protein isolated from sipun-culids (marine worms). All sipunculids examined have, in the coelomic fluid, erythrocytes loaded with the protein which in most species so far examined is octameric, but sometimes tri-meric (18, 19) and in one instance dimeric and tetrameric (20, 21). From the retractor muscle of Themiste zostericola, the protein has been characterized as a monomer (22). The monomer (23) and the subunits of the trimer (24) and octamer (25) are remarkably similar in tertiary structure, having a M.W. of about 13,500 daltons. Each subunit contains one binuclear iron site. There is no porphyrin ring and the irons are coordinated only to amino acids, some of which, as well as probably an oxy group, form the binding atoms (26). 

Palau-Casellas, A. and Hutchinson, T.H. Acute toxicity of chlorinated organic compounds to the embryos and larvae of the marine worm Fiatynersis rfumen/ii (Polychaete Nereidae), Environ. Toxicol Water Qual, 13(2) 149-155, 1998. 

Electron-diffraction patterns for a-chitin from the grasping spines of the marine worm Sagitta led to an orthorhombic unit-cell, with a = 0.474 nm, b = 1.886 nm, and c = 1.032 nm. The appearance of the 001 (1, odd) and OkO (k, odd) reflections cast doubt on the P21212, space group proposed by Blackwell and coworkers.60,61... 

Marine worm living in chitinous tubes.Phylum Phoronidea... 

V Green algae, blood of marine worm (ascidiani... 

An examination of several marine worms (Marenzellaria viridis, Polydora socialis, Scolelepsis squamata, Spiophanes bombyx, and Streblospio benedicti) has tentatively identified alkyl and alkenyl halides 100-105 (390). 

Rouse GW, Goffredi SK, Vrijenhoek RC (2004) Osedax Bone-Eating Marine Worms with Dwarf Males. Science 305 668... 

Steward CC, Nold SC, Ringelberg DB, White DC, Lovell CR (1996) Microbial Biomass and Community Structures in the Burrows of Bromophenol Producing and Non-Producing Marine Worms and Surrounding Sediments. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 133 149... 

Kicklighter CE, Kubanek J, Hay ME (2004) Do Brominated Natural Products Defend Marine Worms from Consumers Some Do, Most Don t. Limnol Oceanogr 49 430... 

Cephalostains 1-6 (507-512), powerful cell growth inhibitory substances against the PS cell line, were isolated from the marine worm Cephalodiscus gilchristi collected in the Indian Ocean 406-408). The structure of cephalostatin 1 (507) was determined by X-ray analysis. Cephalostatins apparently result from a biosynthetic condensation of 2-amino-3-oxosteroid units to yield dimeric steroidal molecules connected by a pyrazine ring. 

Hutchinson TH, Jha AN, Mackay JM, Elliott BM, Dixon DR. 1998. Evaluation of the geno-toxicity of disinfected sewage effluent using the marine worm Platynereis dumerilii (Polychaeta Nereidae). Mutat Res 399 97-108. 

But there was another thread, from von Baer and Haeckel through to Wilson and Conklin, that saw the increase of complexity in each development as the central issue not how the heredity was distributed across the generations, but how that heredity contrived that the offspring developed into that next generation. Barbieri discusses this literature, but from the outside I lived in it. Here organisms with available embryos, particularly sea urchins and marine worms, amphibians and the chick embryo (animals that didn t have genetics)... 

An important group of naturally occurring amino acids complexes of iron are the hemerythrins —the oxygen-carrying proteins in a variety of marine worms. Most hemerythrins have molecular... 

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