Method efficiency

C. Niedermeier and P. Tavan. Fast version of the structure adapted multipole method — efficient calculation of electrostatic forces in protein dynamics. Mol. Sim., 17 57-66, 1996. 

Packed-tower wet scrubber A gas scrubber that removes gases and vapors, by using either v/ater or a chemical liquid method. Efficient pollutant removal depends on the contact time between the entering gas stream and the wetted surface of the pack in the tower. This type of scrubber can be classified as... 

A synthetically powerful method, an approach based on cycloaddition chemistry, allows one to assemble the pyridine ring in one step. Not only is this method efficient, atom economy, but also its convergency allows for the preparation for highly substituted systems in which one can, in principle, control all five positions on the pyridine ring. A versatile example of this methodology is the Boger reaction. It has been applied to the synthesis of a very diverse set of targets. 

The heat run will he equivalent load method. Efficiency at full, and V2 load and power factor at full, /4 and V2 load and breakdown torque will be determined by equivalent circuit calculation (IEEE 112,... 

Energy conversion method Efficiency (%) Power range (MW) Lifetime (years) Cost ( /kW) Environmental Safety... 

It is important to note that the matrix effects, interferences, and variability in method efficiency are to be factored in when determining the MDL. If this was not done then only the background noise (see Figure 2, peak 13) would be considered in the definition of the MDL. In real-life samples there is a good possibility that matrix component peaks would either co-elute or elute at retention times close to... 

Method Simple and easy to apply Considers variability of cah-bration curve Considers method efficiency and matrix effects Variability between laboratories and analysts Good for estimating LOD/LOQ Comments... 

Although accepted by lUPAC and ACS, the k s /m" definition is hard to implement and does not take either variability in method efficiency or matrix effects into consideration. This would be rectifiable if the calibration curves were prepared from control matrix samples fortified at different concentrations (within one order of magnitude of an estimated LOD). 

On the other hand, the oxidation of the alkyl substituent in alkyl aromatic compounds can be carried out by various methods efficiently. For example, CAN has been used to oxidize substituted toluene to aryl aldehydes. Selective oxidation at one methyl group can be achieved (Eq. 7.19).44 The reaction is usually carried out in aqueous acetic acid. 

Fusti-Molnar L, Pulay P (2002) The Fourier transform Coulomb method Efficient and accurate calculation of the Coulomb operator in a Gaussian basis. J Chem Phys 117 7827... 

An improved method for the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-1-oxo-l,2-dihydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives 130 was presented <06S1971>. This improved three-step method efficiently converts phthalic anhydride 131 to the desired dihydroisoquinolines 130 in high yields over three steps with only one purification. 

Hagiya et al. recently reported [20] the new decarboxylation catalyst of chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester (46) to give ethyl (Z)-norchrysanthemate (EIZ = 4/96) in 59% yield. This method efficiently gives (Z)-(l R)-lrans-norchrysanthemic acid, but the yield is still moderate and the starting chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester is not a commercial product (Scheme 7). 

Several programs have been developed for docking ligands into receptors (see O Table 12-3). These programs differ in the treatment of the ligands and the ranking methods. Efficiency and accuracy are... 

Pollutant and method Efficiency (percentage of pollutant removed)... 

Residue methods should further be portable and capable of running many samples in a reasonable period of time. The capability for simultaneous analyses aids in method efficiency by allowing sets or batches of samples to be analyzed at the same time. This attribute is particularly important when large numbers of samples must be analyzed within 1 working day. 

The first three methods of optimization are achieved by closed-loop process control and can be superimposed upon the overall boiler control system shown in Figure 2.1. The tie-in points for these optimization strategies are also shown in that figure. The benefits of the last two methods (efficiency and accountability) are not obtained in the form of closed-loop control signals, but they do contribute to better maintenance and better understanding of heat losses and equipment potentials. 

Theoretical calculations have played an important and/or crucial role in providing valuable information for establishing general concepts. Recent progress in theoretical methods, efficient computer programs, and powerful computers has greatly advanced the scope of applicability of ab initio and DFT... 

The direct (with calorimeter room) and indirect (with flue loss method) efficiencies were simultaneously determined in the tests. 

We developed two kinds of multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopic systems the time-gated excitation-emission matrix spectroscopic system and the time- and spectrally resolved fluorescence microscopic system. The former acquires the fluorescence intensities as a function of excitation wavelength (Ex), emission wavelength (Em), and delay time (x) after impulsive photoexcitation, while the latter acquires the fluorescence intensities as a function of Em, x, and spatial localization (%-, y-positions). In both methods, efficient acquisition of a whole data set is achieved based on line illumination by the laser beam and detection of the fluorescence image by a 2D image sensor, that is, a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. 

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