Analyte atoms

Van Loon, J. C. Analytical Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Academic Press New York, 1980. 

Precision For absorbances greater than 0.1-0.2, the relative standard deviation for atomic absorption is 0.3-1% for flame atomization, and 1-5% for electrothermal atomization. The principal limitation is the variation in the concentration of free-analyte atoms resulting from a nonuniform rate of aspiration, nebulization, and atomization in flame atomizers, and the consistency with which the sample is heated during electrothermal atomization. 

Standardizing the Method Equation 10.34 shows that emission intensity is proportional to the population of the excited state, N, from which the emission line originates. If the emission source is in thermal equilibrium, then the excited state population is proportional to the total population of analyte atoms, N, through the Boltzmann distribution (equation 10.35). 

A. Montaser and D. W. GoHghdy, eds.. Inductively Coupled Plasmas in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2nd ed., VCH PubHshers, New York, 1992. 

Atomic Spectroscopy and Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectromety, regular and occasional topical bibHographies. 

Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy Surface Analysis," Mnnual Book ofMSTM Standards, part 3.06, American Society for Testing and Matedals, Philadelphia, Pa., 1992. 

The basis of XRE analysis is the photoelectric absorption and the subsequent emission of X-ray photons characteristic of the fingerprints of analyte atoms in the sample. Element composition can be quantified by the relative intensities of the indivi-... 

Prange A, Jantzen E (1995) Determination of organometallic species using GC-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 10 105-109. 

Bysouth, S. R., and Tyson, J. R, A Comparison of Curve Fitting Algorithms for Hame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 1, February 1986, 85-87. 

Williams, M. and Plepmeler, . H. "Commercial Tungsten Filament Atomizer for Analytical Atomic Spectrometry". 

Unfortunately, these rather basic errors are distressingly common, yet cause much unnecessary dissatisfaction. No printer is perfect, and relying on catalog data can result in the publication of incorrect data in a paper. This occurred, e.g. in 1994 when data was taken from an out-of-date NIST catalog, rather than the appropriate certificate. Published in the Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy, the paper by Soares et al. (1994) cited a certified value for Cr in NIST SRM 1548, when consultation of the Certificate would have shown that for several technical reasons the element value reported could not be certified. 

Element analytical pretreatment 8.3 Analytical atomic spectrometry 605... 

Atomic spectroscopy has been reviewed [92] a recent update is available [93]. An overview of sample introduction in atomic spectrometry is available [94]. Several recent books deal with analytical atomic spectrometry [95-100],... 

Any difference in the behaviour of the analyte atoms in the sample and in the standard implies an interference. AAS using a line source for excitation suffers little spectral interference. Background interference in AAS is more important. This nonspecific absorption is caused by ... 

Multi-element AAS has been reviewed [112], as well as ETAAS [104] and instrumental aspects of GFAAS [113]. Various monographs on analytical atomic absorption spectrometry are available [52,96,114,115], and on GFAAS [116] and ETAAS [117] more in particular. 

Adapted from Moenke-Blankenburg [217]. From L. Moenke-Blanken-burg, in Lasers in Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy (J. Sneddon et al., eds), VCH Publishers, New York, NY (1997), pp. 125-195. Reproduced by permission of Wiley-VCH. 

Mass spectrometry is the only universal multielement method which allows the determination of all elements and their isotopes in both solids and liquids. Detection limits for virtually all elements are low. Mass spectrometry can be more easily applied than other spectroscopic techniques as an absolute method, because the analyte atoms produce the analytical signal themselves, and their amount is not deduced from emitted or absorbed radiation the spectra are simple compared to the line-rich spectra often found in optical emission spectrometry. The resolving power of conventional mass spectrometers is sufficient to separate all isotope signals, although expensive instruments and skill are required to eliminate interferences from molecules and polyatomic cluster ions. 

After Resano et al. [413]. From M. Resano et al., Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 15, 389-395 (2000). Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. 

J. A.C. Broekaert, Analytical Atomic Spectrometry with Flames... 

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