Aluminum surface

Bram C, Jung C and Stratmann M 1997 Self assembled molecular monolayers on oxidized inhomogeneous aluminum surfaces Fres. J. Anal. Chem. 358 108-11... 

Allara D L and Nuzzo R G 1985 Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 1. Formation, dynamics, and physical-properties of normal-alkanoic acids adsorbed from solution on an oxidized aluminum surface Langmuir 1 45-52... 

In the anodizing stage electrolytic reactions produce a uniform aluminum oxide layer across the aluminum surface. This anodic film is transparent and porous. The underlying matte or bright surface can be seen. After anodizing, the aluminum part can be colored or sealed. 

Adhesives. High concentration (>10%) solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) exhibit wet tack properties that are used in several adhesive appHcations. The tackiness disappears when the polymer dries and this property can be successfully utilized in appHcations that require adhesion only in moist conditions. PEO is also known to form solution complexes with several phenoHc and phenoxy resins. Solution blends of PEO and phenoxy resins are known to exhibit synergistic effects, leading to high adhesion strength on aluminum surfaces. Adhesive formulations are available from the manufacturers. 

Aluminum, although highly electropositive, does not react with water under ordinary conditions because it is protected by a thin (2—3 nm) impervious oxide film that rapidly forms even at room temperature on nascent aluminum surfaces exposed to oxygen. If the protective film is overcome by amalgamation or scratching, water rapidly attacks to form hydrous aluminum oxide. Because of the tendency to amalgamate, aluminum and its alloys... 

Calcined alumina, a-Al202, and naturally occurring comndum are practically insoluble in acids and bases, but partially calcined and low temperature amorphous oxide, such as that which forms on nacent commercial aluminum surfaces, is soluble... 

Aluminum-surfaced roofing 100 0.216 Cast iron, rough, strongly oxidized 100-480 0.95... 

Subsequent investigations proved that identical hydration reactions occur on bare aluminum surfaces and bonded surfaces, but at very different rates of hydration [49]. An Arrhenius plot of incubation times prior to hydration of bare and buried FPL surfaces clearly showed that the hydration process exhibits the same energy of activation ( 82 kJ/mole) regardless of the bare or covered nature of the surface (Fig. 11). On the other hand, the rate of hydration varies dramatically, de-... 

Fig. 14. Top High-resolution stereo micrograph of an FPL-etched 2024 aluminum surface. Bottom Schematic diagram of the oxide stmcture. Diagram is from Refs. [9,59].

CAA. Chromic acid anodization [74-76]. was developed initially as a treatment to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum surfaces, but it is also used as a surface treatment for adhesive bonding especially in Europe where it is used extensively in aerospace applieations [29,77],... 

Sol-gel film.s deposited on a grit-blasted aluminum surface give performance close to PAA bonds (Fig. 22) with generally cohesive failures observed in wedge tests. Given that one application of this treatment is repair, the performance is... 

Fig. 34. PAA aluminum surface covered with a thin layer of grease that masks the oxide morphology.

ASTM D3933, Standard Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Surfaces for Structural Adhesives Bonding, Phosphoric Acid Anodization, A.STM, West Conshohocken, PA. El-Mashri, S.M., Jones, R.G. and Forty, A.J., Philo.s. Mag. A, 48, 665 (1983). 

Mazza, J.J. and Kuhbander, R.J., Grit blast/silane (GBS) aluminum surface preparation for structural adhesive bonding, WL-TR-94-4111. Materials Laboratory, Air Force Materiel Command, September 1999. 

Perchlorate and Aluminum Surfaces by the Liquid Ingredients of Plastic Propellant , ERDE Rept No 24/R/67, Waltham Abbey (Engl) (1967) 10) J.A. Werner H.G.K. Tyrrell,... 

A number of chemical or electrochemical treatments may be applied after the forming of aluminum or aluminum alloy products. Solvent, acid and alkaline solutions, and detergents can be used to clean soils such as oil and grease from the aluminum surface. Acid and alkaline solutions can be used to etch the product or brighten its surface. Acid solutions are also used for deoxidizing and desmutting. 

D. L. Cocke, O. J. Murphy, S. M. Kormali, and D. Halverston, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Aluminum Surface Treatment Technology, Proceedings Vol. 86-11, The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, New Jersey, 1986, p. 418. 

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