Coupling, magnetic

Magnetic mterlayer coupling Magnetic multilayers Many-body potentials Martensite... 

Research on multi-qubit molecules starts with the synthesis and characterization of systems that seem to embody more than one qubit, for example, systems with weakly coupled electron spins. Indeed, many molecular structures include several weakly coupled magnetic ions [76-78]. On a smaller scale, the capability of implementing a Controlled-NOT quantum logic gate using molecular clusters... 

The Cu11 atoms are well separated and are not coupled magnetically, but absorb intensely (3800 1 mol-1 cm-1 at 635 nm) in the visible region. This charge-transfer absorption is reversibly lost on electrochemical reduction and regained on reoxidation by 02. These properties, together with A hyperfme coupling apparent in the ESR spectrum, are closely related to those of the distorted tetrahedral type-1 Cu site of blue Cu proteins,310 despite the different Cu coordination stereochemistry in the cluster. 

The strength of the coupling interaction, J, depends on the magnitudes of the two coupled magnetic moments, hence is proportional to the product of the... 

In these equations S is the total electron spin of the paramagnetic ion, r is the electron-nuclear distance, co is the electron resonance frequency, and x i - and x 2 are the rate constants for the reorientation of the coupled magnetic moment vectors. They are related to other rate constants by the expressions ... 

A protein may have more than one metal center, each with its own set of electronic transitions, and in favorable cases the RR spectra can be elicited selectively by judicious choice of laser wavelengths. For example, sulfite reductase has an iron-isobacteriochlorin cofactor, siroheme, which is coupled magnetically to a Fe4S4 cluster, probably through a thiolate bridge. The siroheme modes are strongly enhanced in resonance with the isobacteriochlorin Soret or Q bands, but intermediate excitation (457.9-488.0 nm) enhances the Fe4 4 cluster modes (Fig. 11). The protein rubrerythrin has two rubredoxin-like Fe(Cys)4 centers and a (/u.-oxo)di-iron(III) center (similar to those found in hemerythrins and ribonucleotide reductase), each of which can be enhanced selectively by excitation at... 

Nanocomposites or mesoscopic materials are of interest in many fields of materials science, solid-state physics and solid-state chemistry. This is also true in the research of magnets much effort has been spent on these kind of materials. The most recent development is that of exchange-coupled magnets, in which hard and soft magnetic fine... 

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