Inductively coupled plasma with

Inductively coupled plasma with atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES)... 

Ag, Cl, and N to six-figure accuracy.1 This Nobel Prize-winning research allowed the accurate determination of atomic masses of many elements. In combustion analysis, a sample is burned in excess oxygen and products are measured. Combustion is typically used to measure C, H, N, S, and halogens in organic compounds. To measure other elements in food, organic matter is burned in a closed system, the products and ash (unburned material) are dissolved in acid or base, and measured by inductively coupled plasma with atomic emission or mass spectrometry. 

AAS = atomic absorption spectrometry GC/FID = gas chromatography/f1ame ignition detector GC/FPD = gas chromatography/f1ame photometric detector ICP/AES = inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy ICP/MS = inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometric detection... 

The method combines an inductively coupled plasma with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. High energy ICP generates singly charged ions from the atoms of the elements present in the sample. Such ions are now directed onto the mass spectrometer, separated, and measured according to their mass-to-charge ratio. 

Figure 3. Emission spectra obtained from an induction coupled plasma with an ultrasonic nebulizer (for sample introduction). Aim spectrometer, JACO model with a diffraction grating blazed at 250 nm, and a slit width of 20 pm, was used. The spectral resolution was 10.3 nm/500 channels = 0.0206 nm/channel. (a) Emission spectrum of a 1 pg/l bertjlium, 1% HNOj solution, (b) Emission spectrum of a 1% HN03 blank solution, (c) Difference spectrum obtained by subtracting spectrum (b) from (a). Spectra were obtained after an on-target integration for 8 sec.

For the determination of lead concentrations in drinking water, the analytical methods are atomic absorption spectrometry - electro-thermal atomization (AAS-ETA or AAS-fiimace), inductively coupled plasma with detection by atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) or detection by mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Laboratories are free to use their own chosen analytical techniques. More attention will be required to achieve the necessary analytical accuracy at the lower limit for lead. 

Inorganic analysis, particularly metal analyses, generally falls into the category of spectrometry, which includes atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with flame or electrothermal atomization or the more advanced inductively coupled plasma with atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) or mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Other techniques such as colorimetry, ion-selective electrode (ISE), and ion chromatography (IC) can be used for anion analysis. 

The Cl blend consists of base 1, base 2, base 3, and base 4. Each base is a multi-component compound, composed of quaternary amines and their derivatives and other components, such as phosphonates. The HPLC method is supplied by the vendor to determine bases 1, 2 and 3. Base 4 is typically determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma with Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), which is based on phosphorous... 

Inductively Coupled Plasma with Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry... 

The most commonly used are the atomic spectrometric techniques, especially FAAS, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and inductive coupled plasma with atomic anision spectrometry (ICP-AES). ICP-MS, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS), electroanalytical techniques, UVA IS spectrometry and FL have also been used among others. 

As its name implies, ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the synergistic combination of an inductively coupled plasma with a quadmpole mass spectrometer (Birks, 1959). The ICP-MS uses the ability of the argon ICP to generate efficiently singly charged ions from the elemental species within a sample. These ions are then directed into a quadmpole mass spectrometer. 

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