Macrophages infection

Yamamoto, Y., Klein, T.W., and Friedman, H., Differential effects of ethanol on permissive versus nonpermissive macrophages infected with Legionella pneumophila, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 203, 323, 1993. 

Vodicka, M.A., Koepp, D.M., Silver, P.A. and Emerman, M. (1998) HIV-l Vpr interacts with the nuclear transport pathway to promote macrophage infection. Genes Dev., 12,175-185. 

Serai, C., et al. 2003. Influence of P-glycoprotein and MRP efflux pump inhibitors on the intracellular activity of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin in macrophages infected by Listeria monocytogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 51 1167. 

Balland, O. Pinto-Alphandary, H. Pecquet, S. Andremont, A. Couvreur, P. The uptake of ampicillin-loaded nanoparticles by murine macrophages infected with salmonella typhimurium. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1994, 33, 509-522. 

Pinto-Alphandary, H. Balland, O. Laurent, M. Andremont, A. Puisieux, F. Couvreur, P. Intracellular visualization of ampicillin-loaded nanoparticles in peritoneal macrophages infected in vitro with salmonella typhimurium. Pharm. Res. 1994, 11, 38 6. 

Gross A, Terraza A, Marchant J, Bouaboula M, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Liautard JP, CaseUas P, Dornand J (2000) A beneficial aspect of a CBI cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A is a potent inhibitor of macrophage infection by the intracellular pathogen Brucella suis. J Leukoc Biol 67 335-344... 

Drazek, E. S., Houng, H.-S.H., Crawford, R.M., Hadfield, T.L., Hover, D.L., Warren, R. 1995. Deletion of purE attenuates Brucella melitensis 16M for growth in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Infect. Immun. 63 3297-3301. 

PPIases play an important role in the infectivity of several protozoan parasites such as Leishmania and Trypanosoma. Leishmania major possesses a cyclophilin (Cypl9) whose inhibition by CsA leads to a complete loss of infectivity, suggesting a central role of the enzyme in the development of the parasite [99]. Trypanosoma cruzi macrophage infectivity potentiator (TcMIP) possesses a catalytic core which displays a PPIase activity very similar to that of FKBPs and is inhibited by FK506-... 

Rabinovitch, M., Topper, G., Cristello, P. and Rich, A. (1985) Receptor-mediated entry of peroxidases into the parasitophorous vacuole of macrophages infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. J. Leuk. Biol. 31 247-261. 

Fernando SL, Saunders BM, Sluyter R et al 2005 Gene dosage determines the negative effects of polymorphic alleles of the P2X7 receptor on adenosine triphosphate-mediated killing of mycobacteria by human macrophages. Infect Dis 192 149—155 Ferrari D, Los M, Bauer MK et al 1999 P2Z purinoreceptor ligation induces activation of caspases with distinct roles in apoptotic and necrotic alterations of cell death. FEBS Lett 447 71-75... 

Abu Kwaik, Y., Eisenstein, B.I., and Engleberg, N.C. 1993, Phenotypic modulation by Legionella pneumophila upon infection of macrophages. Infection Immunity 61 1320-... 

Lin, J. and Ficht, T.A. 1995, Protein synthesis in Brucella abortus induced during macrophage infection. Infection Immunity 63 1409-1414. 

Fig. 25-1. Cultured human monocyte-derived macrophage infected with Brucella melitensis. The bacteria, which replicate in phagolysosomes, have a coccobacillary appearance (eosin Y-methylene blue-azure A, original magnification x 1,000). Photograph Courtesy of Robert Crawford, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, American Registry of Pathology, Washington, DC.

In vitro R78 deletion mutant RCMV replicated with 10-100 fold lower efficiency than wildtype virus, and fibroblast infected with the R78 deletion virus developed a syncytium like appearance which was not observed in wildtype RCMV infected fibroblasts. In vivo the R78 deletion virus replicated and disseminated similar to or slightly less when compared to wildtype virus but showed a reduced virulence. This manifested itself in a lower mortality of R78 deletion mutant than wildtype virus infected immune compromised rats. In vitro, an M78 deletion mutant virus replicated with 50 fold lower efficiency than wildtype virus in IC21 macrophages infected under low multiplicity. However, the replication defect was not significant under high multiplicity or in infected fibroblasts. In vivo, in both immune competent and immunocompromised mice, M78 deletion mutant MCMV replicated and/or disseminated to a lower level in the spleen and liver, and persistently infected salivary glands revealed a 100 fold reduction in titer relative to the wildtype virus. ... 

Paludan SR, Lovmand J, Ellermann-Eriksen S et al. Effect of IL-4 and IL-13 on IFN-gamma-induced production of nitric oxide in mouse macrophages infected with herpes simplex virus type 2. FEBS Lett 1997 4l4(l) 6l-4. 

The following method of macrophage infection with either B. abortus or F. tularensis aims at synchronizing bacterial phagocytosis, which is important for subsequent intracellular trafficking analyses, as all bacteria have entered macrophages within a short time frame. 

Clemens, D. L., Lee, B. Y., and Horwitz, M. A. (2004) Virulent and avirulent strains of Francisella tularensis prevent acidification and maturation of their phagosomes and escape into the cytoplasm in human macrophages. Infect. Immun. 72, nQA-mi. 

Fig. 2. Effect of cell type and opsonins on Helicobacter pylori phagocytosis. H. pylori strain 11637 (Hp) is ingested by resident peritoneal macrophages (RPM) after a lag of several min. By contrast, uptake of IgG-opsonized Hp is rapid. Compared with primary macrophages, infection of J774A.1 cells with Hp is less efficient. Data are the mean zb SEM of three independent experiments performed in triplicate.

Zamboni, D. S. and Rabinovitch, M. (2003) Nitric oxide partially controls Coxiella burnetii phase II infection in mouse primary macrophages. Infect. Immun. 71, 1225-1233. 

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