Virus deletion mutant

Fig. 1. Rous sarcoma virus deletion mutant genome (top) and wild-type genome (bottom). The src oncogene is capable of transforming host cells.

Techaarpomkul S, Barretto N, Peeples ME (2001) Functional analysis of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus deletion mutants lacking the small hydrophobic and/or attachment glycoprotein gene. J Virol 75 6825-6834... 

WilUams, G. V, Rohel, D. Z., Kuzio, J., and Faulkner, P. (1989). A cytopathological investigation of Autographa californica nudear polyhedrosis virus plO gene function using insertion/deletion mutants. J. Gen. Virol. 70, 187-202. 

In the presence of tunieamycin, cells infected with Rous sarcoma virus produced virus particles that lacked infectivity, and were devoid of the envelope glycoproteins gp85 and gp35. Virus particles lacking envelope glycoproteins had previously been found in a deletion mutant of Rous sarcoma virus and in a temperature-sensitive mutant of... 

Tratschin, J. D., Miller, I. L. and Carter, B. J. (1984). Genetic analysis of adeno-associated virus Properties of deletion mutants constructed in vitro and evidence for an adeno-associated virus replication function. J. Virol. 51, 611-619. 

The most extensively studied hormone reponsive elements are found = 200 bp from the transcription start site in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). They are responsive to GR as shown by in vitro DNA binding studies with purified GR [131-133] and by in vivo response data with deletion mutants [134—139], From these studies three important functional domains in the LTR of MMTV have been identified two binding sites for GR - a promoter distal binding site and a promoter proximal binding site - and a third site which binds nuclear factor-one (NF-1). 

Deletion Mutants - Another approach has been the construction of deletion mutants by the judicious use of restriction enz3mies and appropriate exonucleases. The sites of the deletions were mapped in some Instances they were widely separated but still affected a single protein. The functional ability of the mutants was then determined. The results, while at an early stage, are in agreement with the conclusions reached with the temperature-sensitive mutants. The early proteins must be functional to effect DNA replication, stimulation of host cell DNA synthesis and cell transformation. Interestingly, not all three of the late proteins appear to be required for virus production. Much more will surely come from these studies. 

Davis NL, Willis LV, Smith JF, Johnston RE. In vitro synthesis of infectious Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus RNA from a cDNA clone Analysis of a viable deletion mutant. Virology. 1991 171 189-204. 

In vitro R78 deletion mutant RCMV replicated with 10-100 fold lower efficiency than wildtype virus, and fibroblast infected with the R78 deletion virus developed a syncytium like appearance which was not observed in wildtype RCMV infected fibroblasts. In vivo the R78 deletion virus replicated and disseminated similar to or slightly less when compared to wildtype virus but showed a reduced virulence. This manifested itself in a lower mortality of R78 deletion mutant than wildtype virus infected immune compromised rats. In vitro, an M78 deletion mutant virus replicated with 50 fold lower efficiency than wildtype virus in IC21 macrophages infected under low multiplicity. However, the replication defect was not significant under high multiplicity or in infected fibroblasts. In vivo, in both immune competent and immunocompromised mice, M78 deletion mutant MCMV replicated and/or disseminated to a lower level in the spleen and liver, and persistently infected salivary glands revealed a 100 fold reduction in titer relative to the wildtype virus. ... 

Parcells MS. Marek s disease virus (MDV) encodes an interleukin-8 homolog (vIL-8) characterization of the vIL-8 protein and a vIL-8 deletion mutant MDV. J Virol 2001 75(11) 5159 73-... 

Fig. 8. MCMV / /52/gp40 interferes with the MHC elass I antigen presentation pathway in vivo. C57BL/6 mice were infected with wild-type WT) or mutant MCMV lacking the gene ml52 (Am 152). Virus titres were determined in several organs, and titres are indicated by the number of symbolic virions in the mouse. In absence of MHC elass I molecules the cellular target of the ml52 gene function in vivo (p2m knockout) - the deletion mutant has no phenotype...

Sacks WR, Schaffer PA (1987) Deletion mutants in the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein ICPO exhibit impaired growth in cell culture. J Virol 61 829-839 Spector FC, Kern ER, Palmer J, Kaiwar R, Cha TA, Brown P, Spaete RR (1998) Evaluation of a live attenuated recombinant virus RAV 9395 as a herpes simplex virus type 2 vaccine in guinea pigs. J Infect Dis 177 1143-1154... 

Whitley RJ, Kern ER, Chatterjee S, Chou J, Roizman B (1993) Replication, establishment of latency, and induced reactivation of herpes simplex virus gamma 1 34.5 deletion mutants in rodent models. J Clin Invest 91 2837-2843... 

The three types of genetic variants used to probe the biological properties of VSV that lead to inhibition of host cell protein synthesis are deletion mutants (defective-interfering virus), temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants, and nonconditional mutants. 

Herman, R., 1983, Conditional synthesis of an aberrant glycoprotein mRNA by the internal deletion mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus, J. Virol. 46 709. 

Challberg, S. S., and Ketner, G., 1981, Deletion mutants of adenovirus 2 Isolation and initial characterization of virus carrying mutations near the right end of the viral genome, Virology 114 196. 

McCarthy AM, McMahan L, Schaffer PA. Herpes simplex virus type 1ICP27 deletion mutants exhibit altered patterns of transcription and are DNA deficient J... 

Frykberg, L., S. Palmieri, H. Beug, T. Graf, M.J. Hayman, and B. Vennstrom, Transforming capacities of avian erythroblastosis virus mutants deleted in the erbA or erbB oncogenes. Cell, 1983. 32(1) 227-38. 

---