Coxiella burnetii

Single positive blood culture for Coxiella burnetii or antiphase I IgG antibody titer greater than 1 800 Evidence of endocardial involvement... 

Amano, K. and Williams, J.C. (1984) Chemical and immunological characterisation of lipopolysaccharides from phase 1 and phase II Coxiella burnetii. Journal of Bacteriology 160, 994-1002. 

Characteristics As a natural disease Q fever, a rickettsial illness caused by Coxiella burnetii, is typically spread by inadvertent aerosolisation of organisms from infected animal... 

Q fever Highly infectious disease caused by Coxiella burnetii bacteria a single bacterial cell can produce clinical illness. 

Brucella melitensis (brucellosis) Francisella tularensis (tularemia) Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)... 

Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious bacterium. A single bacterial cell can produce clinical illness. For this reason it is a very strong candidate for use by terrorists via aerosol delivery. While the incubation period is 2 to 14 days, the average is 7 days. In rare instances, incubation period can extend up to 1 month. After infection and proliferation in the lungs, the organisms are picked up by macrophages and carried to the lymph nodes, and from there to the bloodstream. 

BSL 3 Biosafety Level 3 is for work with indigenous or exotic microorganisms, which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease if inhaled. Safety equipment Class I or II biosafety cabinets or other physical containment devices protective laboratory clothing, gloves, respiratory protection as needed. Microorganisms include Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, and Coxiella burnetii. 

Baumgartner, W., Dettinger, H., Schmeer, N., and Hoffmeister, E. (1988) Evaluation of different fixatives and treatments for immunohistochemical demonstration of Coxiella burnetii in paraffin-embedded tissues. J. Clin. Micro. 26, 2044-2047. 

Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) B Animals— sheep, goats 10-40 days Rare Standard Non-specific fever Days to 2 weeks Tetracycline, doxycycline... 

Toman, R., Garidel, P., Andra, J., Slaba, K., Hussein, A., Koch, M.H.J., Brandenburg, K. Physicochemical characterization of the endotoxins from Coxiella burnetii strain Priscilla in relation to their bioactivities. BMC Biochem 5 (2004) 1. 

Zusman, T., Aloni, G., Halperin, E., Kotzer, H., Degtyar, E., Feldman, M., Segal, G. The response regulator PmrA is a major regulator of the icm/dot type IV secretion system in Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii. Mol Microbiol 63 (2007) 1508-1523. 

Atypical cases of pneumonia may be caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae which may be epidemic, or more rarely Chlamydia pneumoniae or psittaci (psittacosis/ornithosis) Legionella pneumophilia or Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) and a tetracycline or erythromycin/ clarithromycin should be given by mouth. Treatment of ornithosis should continue for 10 days after the fever has settled and in mycoplasma pneumonia and Q fever a total of 3 weeks treatment may be needed to prevent relapse. 

Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) just recently has been recovered from blood cultnres, but infection is more likely to be identified via serologic tests. It is a common cause of IE in certain areas of the world where goat, cattle, and sheep farming are widespread. The most favorable therapy for Q fever is unknown but may include doxycycline with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, or fluoroquinalones." ... 

Laboratory Centre For Disease Control, Office of Biosafety, Material Safety Data Sheet-Infectious Substances Coxiella burnetii, Minister of National Health and Welfare, Canada, September 1996. 

The Molecular Model Bacteriemia, Guinea Pig, and Coxiella burnetii... 

Willems, H., Thiele, D., Frolich-Ritter, R., Kraus, H. 1994. Detection of Coxiella burnetii in cow Os milk using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). J. Vet. Med. 41 580-587. 

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