Francisella tularensis

Framed bar process Francisella tularensis Francis equation... 

R = R = H) are intermediate, and gentamicin and tobramycin are most susceptible (66). Resistance to streptomycin is widespread, and its use is currently confined primarily to infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Yersiniapestis and Francisella tularensis. 

Francisella tularensis (formerly Pasteurella tularensis) causes tularaemia in humans, a disease endemic in the American Midwest and contracted from infected animals. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Brucellosis, chlamydial pneumonias, infective endocarditis, legionnaires disease, mycoplasma infections, pneumonia, Cox-iella burnetii infection, Francisella tularensis infection, Q fever, tuberculosis, tularemia, typhoid fever, and all atypical pneumonia. 

Material Safety Data Sheet-Infectious Substances Francisella tularensis. May 25, 2001. 

Fran TF 2000 Francis Disease Francisella tularensis Fratol... 

J. Havlasova, L. Hemychova, P. Halada, V. Pellantova, J. Krejsek, J. Stulik, A. Macela, P. R. Jungblut, P. Larsson, and M. Forsman. Mapping of Immunoreactive Antigens of Francisella Tularensis Live Vaccine Strain. Proteomics, 2(2002) 857-867. 

Tularemia is a potentially serious illness that occurs naturally in the United States. It is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis found in animals (especially rodents, rabbits, and hares). 

Francisella tularensis is very infectious. A small number (10-50 or so organisms) can cause disease. If F. tularensis were used as a weapon, the bacteria would likely be made airborne for exposure by inhalation. People who inhale an infectious aerosol would generally experience severe respiratory illness, including life-threatening pneumonia and systemic infection, if they are not treated. The bacteria that cause tularemia occur widely in nature and could be isolated and grown in quantity in a laboratory, although manufacturing an effective aerosol weapon would require considerable sophistication. 

Brucella melitensis (brucellosis) Francisella tularensis (tularemia) Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)... 

Wong JP, Yang H, Blasetti KL, Schnell G, Conley J, Schofield LN. Liposome delivery of ciprofloxacin against intracellular Francisella tularensis infection. J Controlled Release 2003 92 265-273. 

Tularemia A (Francisella tularensis) Animals/ insects— deerflies, mosquitoes, rabbits 2-1 0 days No Standard Local ulcers, regional swollen lymph nodes, fever, chills, HA, substernal discomfort, and cough Fatal typically 2 weeks Streptomycin, gentamicin... 

J. Conley, H. Yang, T. Wilson, K. Blasetti, V. D. Ninno, G. Schnell, and J. P. Wong, Aerosol delivery of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin aerosol characterization and efficacy against Francisella tularensis infection in mice, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47 1288 (1997). 

Francisella tularensis Francisella tularensis Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Comparative... 

Raghunathan A, Shin S, Daefler S (2010) Systems approach to investigating host-pathogen interactions in infections with the biothreat agent Francisella. Constraints-based model of Francisella tularensis. BMC Syst Biol 4 118... 

SCHEME 14.11 Synthesis of the LPS inner-core structure of Francisella tularensis by Boons et al. DDQ, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-l,4-benzoquinone DEIPS, diethylisopropylsilyl NAP, 2-naphthylmethyl. 

Ancuta, P., Pedron, T., Girard, R., Sandstrom, G., Chaby, R. Inability of the Francisella tularensis lipopolysaccharide to mimic or to antagonize the induction of cell activation by endotoxins. Infect Immun 64 (1996) 2041-2046. 

Shaffer, S.A., Harvey, M.D., Goodlett, D.R., Ernst R.K. Structural heterogeneity and environmentally regulated remodeling of Francisella tularensis subspecies rwvicida lipid A characterized by tandem mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 18 (2007) 1080-1092. 

Wang, X., Ribeiro, A.A., Guan, Z., McGrath, S.C., Cotter, R.J., Raetz, C.R. Structure and biosynthesis of free lipid A molecules that replace lipopolysaccharide in Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida. Biochemistry 45 (2006b) 14427-14440. 

Sebastian, S., Dillon, S.T., Lynch, J.G., Blalock, L.T., Balon, E., Lee, K.T., Comstock, L.E., Conlan, J.W., Rubin, E.J., Tzianabos, A.O., Kasper, D.L. A defined O-antigen polysaccharide mutant of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain has attenuated virulence while retaining its protective capacity. Infect Immun 75 (2007) 2591-2602. 

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