Brucella abortus

In 1971, levamisole, an anthelmintic compound widely used in catde and swine, was shown to improve the effects of an experimental Brucella abortus vaccine in mice. Since that time, the veterinarians and physicians have explored the effects of levamisole in such diverse areas as arthritis, lupus erythematosis, cancer therapy, respiratory diseases, Newcastle disease, foot-and-mouth disease, mastitis, and vaccine potentiation. Although the exact mechanism of action has as yet not been deterrnined there is substantial evidence that, under defined circumstances, levamisole can augment the animal s natural immune response (9). New immunostimulants include Staph Ijysate acemannon, NLAB-31. 

Brucella abortus is a cause of spontaneous abortion in cattle. In humans it causes undulant fever, i.e. a fever in which temperature undulates with time. Brucella melitensis infects goats it causes an undulant fever called Malta fever, which is common in people living in Mediterranean countries where large flocks of goats are kept. 

Pathogens known to stimulate CSF production include Salmonella typhi-murium, Mycobacterium lepraemurium, Brucella abortus and Schistosoma mansonii. Additionally, non-viable bacteria or bacterial products, such as Nocardia rubra cell-wall fragments, muramyl peptides and bacterial endotoxins, can also induce CSF production. 

Brucellosis vaccine Antigenic extract of Brucella abortus Active immunization against brucellosis... 

M. phlei, and several strains of M. tuberculosis (28-30) contain a true asparaginase, as do extracts of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus stearo-thermophilus (31). Brucella abortus contains two asparaginases, one specific for L-asparagine and the other for the opposite enantiomorph (32). An asparaginase is also present in Pseudomonas fluorescens (33). Also, Tsuji, in 1957, had reported the presence of asparaginase in extracts of acetone powders of E. coli, Staphylococcus, M. avium, and Aspergillus oryzae (34). 

Rodriguez MC, Froger A, Rolland T-P, Thomas D, Agtiero J, Delamarche C, Garcia-Lobo M. 2000. A functional water channel protein in the pathogenic bacterium Brucella abortus. Microbiology 146 3251-3257. 

Cyclopropane containing fatty acids are found in bacterial membranes thus lac-tobacillic acid 141 has been isolated from Lactobacillus arabinosus, Brucella abortus and B. melitensis, Eq. (56) [188]. 

Segura, S., Gamazo, C., Irache, J. M., and Espuelas, S. (2007), Interferon-y loaded onto albumin nanoparticles In vitro and in vivo activity against brucella abortus, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51(4), 1310-1314. 

A similar approach was used for assigning the active site residues in bovine (Paci et al., 1990) and in prokaryotic isoenzymes (Chen et al., 1995 Sette et al., 2000 Venerini et al., 1999). In the case of the prokaryotic isoenzyme from Brucella abortus, the assignment of the relevant resonances was facilitated by the use of a N-enriched sample (Chen et al., 1995). 

Figure 5.5. Agglutination test for Brucella abortus antibodies.9 [Reprinted, with permission, from E. Benjamini, G. Sunshine, and S. Leskowitz, Immunology A Short Course, 3rd ed., Wiley-Liss, New York, 1996, pp. 115-118. ISBN 0-471-59791-0. Copyright 1996 by Willey-Liss, Inc.]...

Since LPS varies in chemical composition from one bacterial species to another, different methods are used for its extraction. LPS is generally extracted from smooth strains of bacteria in a mixture of phenol and water (PW) at 68°C as described by Westphal and Jann (19). After extraction, the solution is allowed to cool and partition. Nearly all proteins remain in the phenol phase or interphase, while polysaccharides, LPS, and nucleic acids remain in the aqueous phase. In some instances, the LPS from certain organisms (i.e. Brucella abortus) remain in the phenol phase. Lipopolysaccharide is extracted from rough strains of bacteria in a mixture of phenol, chloroform, and petroleum ether (PCP) at room temperature as described by Galanos, et (20). After extraction, the chloroform and petroleum ether are removed by rotary evaporation and the LPS is then precipitated from the phenol with water. With some bacteria, PW or PCP will not extract sufficient quantities of LPS (21) and EDTA (22), chloroform-methanol (23), or butanol (11) must be used. 

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