Partial control

Rotary atomisation produces an excellent surface finish. The spray has low velocity, which allows the electrostatic forces attracting the paint particles to the ground workpiece to dominate, and results in transfer efficiencies of 85—99%. The pattern is very large and partially controlled and dkected by shaping ak jets. The spray when using a metallic cup has relatively poor penetration into recessed areas. Excessive material deposited on the edges of the workpiece can also be a problem. 

There are two major drawbacks to ISS concerning quantitative analysis. First, it has very low spectral resolution. Thus it is very difficult either to identify or resolve many common adjacent elements, such as Al/SI, K/Ca, and Cu/Zn. If the elements of interest are sufficiendy high in mass, this can be partially controlled by using a probe gas with a higher atomic mass, such as Ne or Ar. Second, ISS has an inherendy high spectral background which often makes it difficult to determine... 

Partial control of enolate geometry occurs also when the enol phosphate, prepared by treatment of fluoroalkyl ketones with sodium diethyl phosphite, is... 

The controversy that arises owing to the uncertainty of the exact values of and b and their variation with environmental conditions, partial control of the anodic reaction by transport, etc. may be avoided by substituting an empirical constant for (b + b /b b ) in equation 19.1, which is evaluated by the conventional mass-loss method. This approach has been used by Makrides who monitors the polarisation resistance continuously, and then uses a single mass-loss determination at the end of the test to obtain the constant. Once the constant has been determined it can be used throughout the tests, providing that there is no significant change in the nature of the solution that would lead to markedly different values of the Tafel constants. 

Generally, anticonvulsants reduce the excitability of the neurons (nerve cells) of the brain. When neuron excitability is decreased, seizures are theoretically reduced in intensity and frequency of occurrence or, in some instances, are virtually eliminated. For some patients, only partial control of the seizure disorder may be obtained with anticonvulsant drug therapy. 

Bolus sustained release of 7 mg famphur/kg BW daily Intravenous injection Completely effective against Gulf Coast tick, partial control of lone star tick, ineffective against American dog tick 2... 

Anodic oxidation of 2-t-butylindan in acetic acid led predominantly to side-chain acetoxylation at a Pt or Pb02 anode. The cis/trans ratio of the two acetates is significantly higher in the anodic process than in the related homogeneous reactions, indicating that adsorption at least partially controls the anodic reaction [206, 207]. Menthyl 4-methoxyarylacetate (5) could be... 

In the case of sulfonylation (Scheme 10) [56] and sulfinylation reactions [34], Bi salts proved again to be efficient catalysts. In contrast to the arylsulfonylation, which is under partial control of triflic acid, depending on the substrates, a complete synergistic effect between triflic acid and Bi chloride has been found in the alkanesulfonylation of arenes. In this case, the formation of mixed triflic/alkane-sulfonic anhydrides leads to the active electrophilic species. The formation of the latter exclusively requires the transient formation of a Bi chlorobistriflate species that acts as an intermediate shuttle for triflic acid, leading to the formation of the mixed anhydride precited (Scheme 11). Our experiments have shown that triflic... 

To obtain more information on how the nature and number of the elementary steps are influenced in situ by the addition of the controlling ligand, partial control maps were deduced from the original one. In Scheme 3.2-2 partial control maps for... 

III.a.4.3. Changes in renal blood flow. Blood flow through the kidney is partially controlled by the production of renal vasodilatory prostaglandins. If the synthesis of these prostaglandins is inhibited (e.g. by indomethacin), the renal excretion of lithium is reduced with a subsequent rise in serum levels. The mechanism underlying this interaction is not entirely clear, as serum lithium levels are unaffected by some potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (e.g. aspirin). If an NSAID is prescribed for a patient taking lithium the serum levels should be closely monitored. 

If, upon encounter, the reaction rate is much slower than the rate to bring the species together, then the reaction is not controlled by encounter. If the two rates are comparable, then the reaction is partially controlled by encounter (or diffusion). 

Dissolution of gold and silver from Au/Ag alloys in aerated cyanide solutions has been investigated using rotating disc electrodes [551]. Dissolution was partially controlled by transport of either oxygen or cyanide. Kinetics of anodic dissolution of gold in cyanide solutions containing different metal ions has been extensively... 

The data supporting the long-term efficacy of carbamazepine are strong and substantial in some respects, but controversial and lacking definitive confirmation in others. As outlined in Table 6-2, a group of studies present data on carbamazepine prophylaxis with some degree of control in terms of randomization or blindness. With a few exceptions [Bellaire et al. 1990 Elphick et al. 1988 Placidi et al. 1986], most studies reported carbamazepine to be of equal efficacy compared with that of lithium. The response rate in these double-blind or partially controlled studies is also similar to the rate reported in the larger open literature. 

TABLE 6 2. Controlled and partially controlled studies of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine prophylaxis in... 

Thus, the evidence to support verapamil s efficacy in treating acute mania rests on two placebo-controlled studies with small sample sizes (i.e., fewer than eight patients), five partially controlled studies, and two open trials ( Table 10-14). By contrast, one placebo-controlled study with a larger sample size (i.e., 32 patients), two partially controlled studies (i.e., with 40 and 15 patients, respectively), and two open trials had negative results ( Table10-14). 

The choreiform movements and behaviors can be only partially controlled by phenothiazines or butyrophenone neuroleptics. 

The electronic and optical properties of a solid may be influenced considerably by the state of the surface. The effects of the surface on optical properties will be discussed further in a later section at this point we will attempt only to demonstrate that the electrical conductivity may be partially controlled by the state of the surface. 

G-protein-coupled receptors.79 A defect in the type 2 vasopressin receptor leads to the condition of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in which the body fails to concentrate the urine.77 80 Oxytocin acts on smooth muscles of the uterus during childbirth and triggers the release of milk from the mammary glands.81 The latter response is partially controlled by the suckling of the infant, which induces the nervous system to release oxytocin into the bloodstream. 

In an example of a [3]-catenane formed by this methodology, the compound 7.64 is formed from the coupling of the copper(i) complex formed from the reaction of [Cu(MeCN)4]+ with one equivalent of 7.63 and one equivalent of 7.65 in 58 % yield (Fig. 7-44) The conformation of the [3]-catenane is partially controlled by intramolecular 7i-stacking interactions (Fig. 7-45). A number of other strategies have also been adopted... 

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