Lupin seeds composition

The composition of white lupin seed was 340-380g/kg CP and 7.7MJ MEJ kg (DM basis) for poultry. 

Has been used for food and feed in both the eastern and western hemispheres. Its seed contain 30-40% protein and 17-23% fat, so, like soybeans, lupine is a high-protein seed as well as a potential oil source (Salunkhe et al, 1992). The fatty acid composition of Lupinus mutabilis is reported to be 1% myristate, 13% palmitate, 1% palmitoleate, 5% stearate, 42% oleate, 34% linoleate and 3% linolenate. The protein is rich in lysine and has good nutritional properties. Lupines contain bitter, toxic alkaloids that limit their appeal. Lupine seeds can be debittered by washing with water. There are sweet lupine varieties that are free of alkaloids, but these varieties contain much less oil. 

The composition of the major alkaloids of different lupine seed species is shown in Table 10.3. The main alkaloids of white lupine seeds are lupanine and albine, of blue lupine seeds lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine and of yellow lupine seeds lupinine and sparteine. The content of other toxic and antinutritional substances (lectins, trypsin inhibitors and phytates) in lupine seeds is similar to the content of other legume seeds. 

Wysocka, W., Brukwicki, T., Macioszek, E. and Wolski, W. 1988. The influence of the isolation method on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the alkaloids from Lupinus albus seeds. In Proceedings 5th International Lupin Conference, July 5-8, 1988 (Twardowski, T., ed.). Poznan, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry. 

Each of the about 450 lupin species which have been identified differs in both content and composition of QAs. The problem of great difference of QAs content is further complicated as it can fluctuate among the different genetic varieties of the same species. QAs content depends also from environmental conditions, soil characteristics, drought, etc. Moreover, substantial variations are found in the alkaloid patterns of different organs seeds, leaves, pods, roots, flowers. 

Christiansen JL, Jomsgard B, Buskov S, Olsen CE (1997) Effect of drought stress on content and composition of seed alkaloids in narrow-leafed lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L. Eiu J Agron 7 307-314... 

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