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Resistive load

The photogenerated current is in the same direction as /, but is always less than because the battier potential under load conditions is always less than F, which results in a larger flow of majority carriers than that in a short-circuited cell. Thus, when a solar cell is under load, the current and voltage are always less than and lU, respectively this condition is the curve-factor loss. Depending on the characteristics of the particularp—n junction and on the cell operating conditions, there is an optimal load resistance that maximizes the power output of the cell, ie, the product of its current and voltage. [Pg.469]

Optimizing for both leg geometry and load resistance and using average values for S, p, and X, the following equation is derived ... [Pg.507]

Load inductance Load resistance Load parallel capacitance Load parallel resistance... [Pg.578]

The resulting control-to-output characteristics are shown in Figure B-13. As one can see, both the input voltage and the equivalent load resistance have an influence on the gain and phase functions. [Pg.204]

The next task is to determine the plaeement of the eompensating zero and pole within the error amplifier. The zero is plaeed at the lowest frequency manifestation of the filter pole. Since for the voltage-mode controlled flyback converter, and the current-mode controlled flyback and forward converters, this pole s frequency changes in response to the equivalent load resistance. The lightest expected load results in the lowest output filter pole frequency. The error amplifier s high frequency compensating pole is placed at the lowest anticipated zero frequency in the control-to-output curve cause by the ESR of the capacitor. In short ... [Pg.214]

American Institute of Steel Construction. Manual of Steel Construction, Load ) Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). First Edition. Chicago, IL. 1986. [Pg.69]

Traditional definitions of safety factors in terms of strength requirements, such as load-resistance factors or allowable stresses, are not applicable in blast resistant design. Safety factors arc more appropriately measured in terms of strain energy demand versus strain energy absorption capacity, Allowable deformations arc a practical method to quantify energy absorption capacity. [Pg.186]

The lateral load resisting system for blast loads along the short side of the building is shown schematically in the following diagram. [Pg.249]

Preliminary design of the foundation will include evaluating overturning, bearing pressures and lateral load resistance. The foundation must be able to resist the applied blast loads with a degree of safety to account for uncertainties in prediction of soil properties. Foundation failure can cause serious collapse hazards, thus it is prudent to maintain a conservative design. Also, should an incident occur, it is many times desirable to be able to remove the building structure and rebuild on the same foundation. [Pg.251]

Thibault et al. [56] reported on a field-scale test with aerator PAC levels of 1000 mg/L or more in an Exxon refinery. They found significantly improved effluent quality and noted improvement in shock loading resistance leading to process stability. An additional 10% of TOC and COD was removed. [Pg.294]

The turn-on and turnoff measurements were performed at room temperature using a power supply voltage of 300V and a load resistance of approximately 20Q in common emitter mode. Typical turnoff and turn-on transients recorded at 25°C are shown in Figures 6.21 and 6.22. The device was turned off by simply removing the base current. A turn-on rise time of 160 ns and a turnoff fall time of 120 ns were observed at 25°C. In addition, a storage time of approximately 40 ns was observed. [Pg.191]

Figure 6.21 Turnoff measurements in common emitter mode with a load resistance of 20 ohms at 25°C. Figure 6.21 Turnoff measurements in common emitter mode with a load resistance of 20 ohms at 25°C.
The behavior of the bias circuit of Fig. 4 is of some interest. Let (RD)0 be the equivalent detector resistance at zero signal. The quantity RL is the load resistance (preferably wire-wound or metal film see Stewart, 1970) and V0 is the background detector voltage that corresponds to a detector resistance Rd = (Rd)0. Then the output signal of the bias circuit, Fsig(a), is given by... [Pg.166]

Fig. 4 Simple photoconductive detector bias circuit. RD is the detector resistance, (/ D)0 the equivalent detector resistance at zero signal (i.e., background flux only on detector). RL is the load resistance, V0 the signal at (RD)0, Vsig the signal voltage at Rd.V0= VbJRD)(J[RL + (RJ0l Vsie(t) = Vba,RDl(RL + rd)> and Fba. is the battery voltage. Fig. 4 Simple photoconductive detector bias circuit. RD is the detector resistance, (/ D)0 the equivalent detector resistance at zero signal (i.e., background flux only on detector). RL is the load resistance, V0 the signal at (RD)0, Vsig the signal voltage at Rd.V0= VbJRD)(J[RL + (RJ0l Vsie(t) = Vba,RDl(RL + rd)> and Fba. is the battery voltage.
For time t > % this current is zero because the carrier would have reached the substrate. The current I(t) can be detected via the voltage it induces in the external circuit. Shortly, the equivalent electrical circuit of the XTOF experiment under the small-signal condition contains the coupling capacitance Cl (the sum of the amplifier and the parasitic capacitances) and f L ( l is the load resistance). The total current is the sum of the conduction current due to the drift of photogenerated charge and the displacement current and is equal to zero (for further details, see Ref [15]),... [Pg.63]

For positive lit electrodes one can register the drift of holes, and for negative ones- the drift of the electrons. The photosensitizer (for example Se) may be used for carrier photoinjection in the polymer materials if the polymer has poor photosensitivity itself. The analysis of the electrical pulse shape permits direct measurement of the effective drift mobility and photogeneration efficiency. The transit time is defined when the carriers reach the opposite electrode and the photocurrent becomes zero. The condition RC < tlr and tr > t,r should be obeyed for correct transit time measurement. Here R - the load resistance, Tr -dielectric relaxation time. Usually ttras 0, 1-100 ms, RC < 0.1 ms and rr > 1 s. Effective drift mobility may be calculated from Eq. (4). The quantum yield (photogenerated charge carriers per absorbed photon) may be obtained from the photocurrent pulse shape analysis. [Pg.8]

The level of discharge current drawn from a cell is determined principally by the external load resistance. The power delivered, P, is given by the product of the current flowing and the associated cell voltage ... [Pg.57]

Ftg. 9.26 Constant load discharge of lithium-iron disulphide thermal battery, Load resistance = 56 ft. (By courtesy of Sandia National Laboratories,)... [Pg.304]

Figure 7.37 (a) Diagram of a transient photocurrent detection system. Ev, Eq high voltage and virtual ground electrodes R, load resistance, (b) Oscillogram of the rise and decay of the photocurrent in an electron transfer reaction... [Pg.251]

Fig. 9.2 Transient voltage (a) and current (b) behavior of an SOFC cell due to changes in load resistance (Qi et al., 2005). Fig. 9.2 Transient voltage (a) and current (b) behavior of an SOFC cell due to changes in load resistance (Qi et al., 2005).
Some of the properties and uses of thermistors, other than temperature sensing, can be appreciated from the simple circuit shown in Fig. 4.18. A fixed voltage U is applied to an NTC thermistor of resistance R(T) in series with a load resistance R which is invariant with temperature. In this case there is the complication that, as the thermistor warms up and falls in resistance, the voltage across it also falls. The situation is analysed as follows ... [Pg.164]

If the battery is assumed to have an internal resistance p° independent of 7 and delivers a current 7 to an external load resistance R, the power delivered is... [Pg.6]

The capacitor voltage, U can be measured only across the capacitance and the series resistance taken together. At time zero, there is an instantaneous voltage drop due to the current in the series resistance, Rs /TO). The discharging process across a load resistance, R, has then a time constant (Equation 11.9). [Pg.446]

The bank was made of 32 series connections of six parallel DLC rated at 800F, 2.5 VDC and a series resistance of less than 2mO. The complete bank presented a capacitance of 150 F, a series resistance of lOmQ, and a nominal voltage of 80 V. To fulfill all the requirements, the DLC module is connected in parallel with a battery of about a third of the size of the original one. The 60 kg module has provided a peak current of 2060 A it does mean about 350 A in each DLC. The peak power delivered into the starter, limited by the load resistance, was 107 kW, which corresponds to a... [Pg.459]

A battery-operated radio uses an AA-size alkaline manganese dioxide battery. If the radio drains 16 mA current at average voltage of 1.2 V for 10,140 min from the battery and the battery dies completely, calculate (a) the total energy stored in the AA battery and (b) the load resistance of the radio in ohms, (c) If the same battery is used in an audio cassette player that uses 120 mA/hr, how long will this battery last (Bhardwaj)... [Pg.380]


See other pages where Resistive load is mentioned: [Pg.426]    [Pg.431]    [Pg.160]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.391]    [Pg.1143]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.74]    [Pg.235]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.243]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.146]    [Pg.1287]    [Pg.1468]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.273]    [Pg.530]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.447]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.498 ]




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