Optimal load

The photogenerated current is in the same direction as /, but is always less than because the battier potential under load conditions is always less than F, which results in a larger flow of majority carriers than that in a short-circuited cell. Thus, when a solar cell is under load, the current and voltage are always less than and lU, respectively this condition is the curve-factor loss. Depending on the characteristics of the particularp—n junction and on the cell operating conditions, there is an optimal load resistance that maximizes the power output of the cell, ie, the product of its current and voltage. 

Current distribution studies have also been used to develop optimal loading gradients for compounds within a PEM fuel cell. Santis et al.174 utilized a segmented plate design with Hall-effect sensors... 

Protective overrides can be added to optimized load-following controls, so that the system is protected against excessively low pressures on the suction side of the compressor or from overloading the compressor s motor drive. 

To examine the optimized loading for a PA6/MMT nanocomposite, a series of tests were conducted in the cone calorimeter [24] with various (2%, 5%, and 10%) loadings of nanofillers. The experimental HRR/MLR are reproduced in Figure 19.37, where it was found that the HRR/MLR decrease as the concentration of nanofillers increase up to 10%. The main objective of this section... 

The optimal loading of the CNFs on monoliths is approximately 3-4 wt%. On the basis of the moderate surface area of the... 

The polymer formulations containing anticancer agents (paclitaxel and cis-platin) were evaluated in vivo in heterotrophic (mouse bladder tumor) and orphotrophic (rat prostate cancer) models. Single administration of polymer-pactlitaxel formulation intratumorally in a mouse bladder tumor model increased the survival rate of the animals compared to untreated animals and to animals treated with paclitaxel dispersion (conventional administration method) (27). The optimal load of paclitaxel in the polymer was established as 10% w/w. Mice treated with this formulation showed median survival rate (MSR) of... 

This simple modified Amdahl s law illustrates the incentives for optimal load balancing. The case(0,3000,0) corresponds to a hypothetical situation in which there is no serial execution time and no overhead for communication. The deviation from linear speed-up in this case (about 10%) is due only to load imbalance. 

The amount of protein loaded on the gel will depend on several factors—the relative abundance of the protein (s) of interest and the titer and specificity of the antibody, for example. Up to 200 ig/track may be loaded, although at this level, high background on development of the blot may be a problem. The smaller the volume loaded onto the gel, the better the resolution will be in practice, 5-10 pL is an optimal loading volume, although up to 50 pL is possible without completely comprising polypeptide separation. 

An optimal loading procedure for doxorubicin into liposomes aims at a high drug to lipid ratio and an encapsulation efficiency of almost 100% to render the separation of unencapsulated drug unnecessary. 

Optimizing load until elution profiles start to overlap (touching bands)... 

Using the optimal loading factor the last unknown operating parameter, the injection time, can be determined. 

The application of transition metal oxide monolayer/support systems as carriers for platinum allows the possibility of modification of the properties of platinum in a wide range [5]. According to our previous works we adopted an optimal loading of platinum (2 %w). The reaction of platinum compound with OH groups of the support proceeded to the formation of transition metal-O-Pt bond, according to the reaction (3) - a useful tool for obtaining well dispersed noble metal on the surface of inorganic support [6,7]. 

The optimal loading amount of HPW in HPW/MCM-41 was 30%, and 1L2 showed better results in the oxidation reaction. The catalytic performance of HPW(30%)/MCM-41 in ILs was also better than that in CH CN. 

The oxygen activity a on the membrane surface calculated is less than Po2 measured. That means that the overall reaction is limited by the adsorption of oxygen. Figure 5 also shows that ohmic overpotantial is the dominant source of polarisation at the temperature range. The electrical power output increases with current until it reaches a point above which it decreases. In other words, there is an optimal load so that power output... 

Fig. D.l. Three strategies for fabricating inverters (a) resistive loading, (b) saturated loading, and (c) depletion mode loading. The optimal load transistor bias is determined by the threshold voltage of that transistor biasing can also be st at the high power supply rail or to other arbitrary voltages as appropriate.

Nature and amount of utilities needed for satisfying the optimal loads ... 

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