Preliminary Design

Preliminary process optimization. Dominant process variables such as reactor conversion can have a major influence on the design. Preliminary optimization of these dominant variables is often required. 

Process temperature for the Inherent Safety Index (ISI) is determined on the basis of the maximum temperature in the process area under investigation. This is feasible since in the early stage of process design preliminary estimates of temperatures and pressures are available. 

The overall testing objective included generating all required design/operating data to facilitate the development of a full-scale design, preliminary hazards... 

A preliminary assessment of the effect of food on pharmacokinetics can generally be studied in a single-dose, two-arm, randomised, crossover design. Preliminary information can often be obtained by including a fed occasion in the first, dose-escalating study. This will be insuffi-cent for registration purposes, which require an adequately powered study performed with the final formulation, but the information should be sufficient to indicate whether there is need for restrictions on dosing relative to meals in repeat-dose studies in healthy volunteers and patient clinical trials. 

Historically, embryo-fetal development studies were mandatory to support inclusion of women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) in clinical trials. More recently, it has become admissible under appropriate circumstances to include WOCBP in early clinical trials before performing the embryo-fetal toxicity studies, provided that effective contraception is used. In Japan and Europe, data from adequately designed preliminary embryo-fetal toxicity studies, with as few as six females per group, may be used to support the inclusion of WOCBP in short-term clinical trials (18). The predictivity of such preliminary mammalian studies has not been established (see below), but it could be argued that they may be less predictive than alternative methods such as FETAX. We therefore expect FETAX to play an evermore important role in pharmaceutical development in the future. 

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PRELIMINARY DESIGN DETAILED DESIGN CONSTRUCTION START-UP FULL OPERATION... 

All prior knowledge about the system under study is utilized in the model specification task. This includes results from specially designed preliminary experiments, which can be used to establish, for instance, whether the system is static or dynamic, linear or nonlinear, and so on. The model estimation task, however, relies on the quality of the available data (e.g., spectral characteristics, noise conditions, data length) and may set specific data-collection requirements. 

Engineering designing process is a five-stage sequential process with stages called Problem Identification, Problem Formulation, Conceptual Designing, Preliminary Designing, and Detailed Designing. ... 

Parameter Unit Conceptual Design Preliminary design... 

Conceptual Mission, Design Preliminary Detailed Design Design Systems Element Integration Creation , Test Lifecycle Evolution Support ... 

The design elaboration is a macro phase of Product Development and consists of the Informational Design, Conceptual Design, Preliminary and Detailed Design phases. These phases focus on the task set that is characterized by design scope, execution time, resources and risk prediction. The results of these phases respectively yield design specifications, product conception, the technical and economic feasibility, and documentation. Some considerations for each design phase are ... 

Chemical mixture experiments have distinct characteristics that can preclude the use of traditional statistical analysis techniques. Mixture experimentation often poses unique exploratory questions that can be answered efficiently and economically with non-traditional statistical techniques. General statistical guidelines stress the importance of design, preliminary studies, action levels of variables, graphics, and appropriate statistical testing. Fractional ctorial and Simplex designs are just two of many statistical tools that are useful for analyses of mixture experiments. 

The control systems for modern industrial plants typically include thousands of individual control loops. During control system design, preliminary controller settings are specified based on process knowledge, control objectives, and prior experience. After a controller is installed, the preliminary settings often prove to be satisfactory. But for critical control loops, the prehminary settings... 

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