Spectroscopy inverse photoemission

Figure Bl.19.4. (a) Local conductance STS measurements at specific points within the Si(l 11)-(7 x 7) unit cell (symbols) and averaged over whole cell, (b) Equivalent data obtained by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPS). (Taken from [19], figure 2.)...

ESDIAD Electron-stimulated desorption ion angular distribution IPES Inverse photoemission spectroscopy... 

Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy (IPES) and Bremsstrahlung Isochromat Spectroscopy (BIS)... 

The unoccupied electronic states of a solid can be experimentally explored by different techniques. The most commonly used are inverse photoemission, where low-energy electrons impinge on the surface of the solid, and the photon-based techniques ellipsometry, NEXAFS and constant-initial-state spectroscopy. Results derived from inverse photoemission spectroscopy might be questionable unless low-energy electrons (c. 10-20 eV) and low beam currents are used as in LEED... 

Tsutsumi K, Yoshida H, Sato N (2002) Unoccupied electronic states in a hexatriacontane thin film studied by inverse photoemission spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 361 367... 

In inverse photoemission spectroscopy or Bremsstrahlimg Isochromat Spectroscopy, the sample is bombarded with monoenergetic electrons and the Bremsstrahlung radiation is recorded at constant photon energy for varying kinetic energy of the incident electrons. The electronic process involved is just the inversion of the photoemission process, and therefore, instead of investigating occupied states as in UPS/XPS, empty states are examined in BIS. 

We report on the use of spin polarized electron beams in the study of electronic states in solids, referring in particular to the Inverse Photoemission spectroscopy. In this technique the empty electron states are investigated, and the spin resolution allows to study their spin character, yielding valuable information in magnetic systems. Examples of application to layered magnetic nanostructures are given in particular we present data on Fe/Cr/Fe(001) multilayers, ultrathin Fe films grown on ZnSe(OOl), and LaSrMnO/SnTiO junctions. 

Akaike, K., Kanai, K., Yoshida, H., Tsutsumi, J., Nishi, T., Sato, N., Ouchi, Y., and Seki, K. (2008) Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and inverse photoemission spectroscopy of [5,5]-phenyl-C5i-butyric acid methyl ester in gas and solid phases. J. Appl. Phys., 104, 023710. 

By varying the angle of incidence of the electrons their momentum (k) can be varied to produce band maps of the unoccupied states as a function of momentum that are analogous to those of the occupied states produced in angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS). This is known as k-resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy (KRIPES) or angle resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy (ARIPES). 

ARIPES, Angle Resolved Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy, 20... 

KRIPES, k-Resolved Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy, 20 LAMMA Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis or Spectroscopy, 17 LAMMS, viz LAMMA, 17 LEED Low-Energy Electron Diffraction ... 

Inverse photoemission spectroscopy Bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy IPES BIS 17... 

In simple terms, a chemisorption bond involves the hybridization of substrate and adsorbate orbitals (electron states), i.e. there are new bonding and antibonding states, some of which may be empty. The empty states are normally not seen by photoemission spectroscopy. They can be analyzed by inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) in a manner analogous to PES. Angle, energy and polarization dependent measurements can be carried out to determine the 2d electron band stmcture of unoccupied states [86Fre, 89Memj. 

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