Laboratory Chemical Suppliers

Fine-chemical/custom manufacturing (CM) companies account for the largest share of the industry, followed by contract research organizations (CROs) and laboratory chemical suppliers. 

Fine-chemical/custom manufacturing companies (discussed in Section 2.1) are active in process scaleup, pilot plant (trial) production, and industrial-scale exclusive and nonexclusive manufacture contract research organizations are discussed in Section 2.2, and laboratory chemical suppliers are discussed in Section 2.3. 

Note. As both contract research organizations and laboratory chemical suppliers provide primarily service businesses, their revenues are excluded from the total size of the fine-chemical business, as discussed in Chapter 9. 

Standard products, also known as catalog products or building blocks, pop up first, if one browses through the Websites or brochures of fine-chemical companies. Except for laboratory chemical suppliers (see Section 2.3), they play only a minor role in the product/service portfolio. Contrary to exclusives, standard products derive from a reaction rather than an action approach ... 

CAUTION Vinylcarbazole is a suspected carcinogen and should be handled appropriately. The monomer has been reported to be a mutagen and to have allergenic effects. Even small residue of the monomer in the polymer may lead to serious health problems [18]. The major manufacturer of the monomer ceased production some time ago. Specialty chemical suppliers also may no longer make this material available in the U.S. However, it is available from laboratory chemical suppliers in small quantities. 

A purchase order for a chemical should include a request for a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). However, many of the larger laboratory chemical suppliers have established a policy of sending each MSDS only once, when the chemical is first ordered. Subsequent orders of the same chemical may not be accompanied by the MSDS. Therefore, a central network of accessible MSDSs should be established if feasible. 

The 0.10 Af bromide-bromate standard solution is available commercially from laboratory chemical suppliers. 

Any impurities present in the solvents may aifect the cut-ofT value, and it is therefore essential to employ materials of the highest purity. Most major suppliers of laboratory chemicals offer products which have been specially purified and carefully tested to ensure that they are of the requisite standard for use in spectrophotometric determinations. Such chemicals are usually identified by a special name as for example the Spectrosol , materials supplied by BDH Ltd. In many cases, however, it suffices to subject the purest material available to spectrophotometric examination, and if there is no appreciable absorption over the spectral range required for the proposed determination, the solvent may be used otherwise careful purification will be needed.18... 

Compounds from traditional drug space ( common drugs —readily available from chemical suppliers), often chosen for studies by academic laboratories for assay validation and computational model-building purposes, can lead to misleading conclusions when the results of such models are applied to real discovery compounds, which most often have extremely low solubilities [16]. 

Most laboratory chemicals are available in a number of grades, usually according to the concentration of impurities that are present. Generally, the purer the chemical, the more expensive it will be. A supplier s catalogue will indicate the different grades available for a particular chemical, together with the related purity specifications. You should bear in mind that the specification may not identify all of the impurities that are present. The nature of the impurities may or may not be important, depending on how the chemical is to be used. 

Many materials in common use today have obvious reactivity hazards, for example, explosives, laboratory chemicals, and raw materials to make plastics and other useful products. Yet they are handled safely every day. How Their hazards have been recognized and controlled so that undesirable events (those which can cause loss and harm) do not happen. Your first source of information for controlling hazards should always be your material supplier. 

The first synthetic zeolites were known as Linde Molecular Sieves but are now marketed as Union Carbide Molecular Sieves they are available from Union Carbide International Company, USA. or Union Carbide (UK) Ltd directly, or through the usual chemical suppliers, t Booklets giving detailed information on the structure, action and applications of molecular sieves are available from most suppliers of laboratory chemicals. 

Both polyethylene glycol and ammonium sulfate can be obtained through the catalog of any supplier of general laboratory chemicals. 

Comments Very big company. Very, very extensive list of laboratory chemicals, catalysts etc. Don t order from them directly. They prefer you get their products from indies. Well, it was kind of funny because I was able to secure an exclusive list of the sales-to-individuals policies of their distributors from a very friendly operator in Spectrum s customer service department. Guess he kinda liked me. So now you can go to the A list of indy suppliers for the real goods. 

Dialkyl cyanomethylphosphonates are routine reagents readily accessible on laboratory scale and also available from a number of chemical suppliers. Since the review by Pudovik and Yastrebova published in 1970, ° the use of dialkyl cyanomethylphosphonates in Homer-Wadsworth-Enunons reactions has been covered in several comprehensive and excellent reviews. AU the factors governing the reaction (nature of the carbanions and carbonyl group, reaction conditions, mechanism, and stereochemistry) have been studied in depth. We invite the reader to refer to these papers. In contrast, we discuss here the synthetic applications resulting directly from the use of dialkyl cyanomethylphosphonate, which is the pathway of choice for the preparation, via a,p-unsaturatcd nitriles, of a,P-unsaturated aldehydes, cyanoethyl compounds, allylamines, and saturated amines. 

Dialkyl l-(alkoxycarbonyl)metliylphosphonates are routine reagents readily accessible on laboratory scale and also available from a number of chemical suppliers. Since the review by Pudovik and... 

Chloroauric acid 1 g glass vial chloroauric acid (available from suppliers of laboratory chemicals such as Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA Polysciences, Warrington, PA, and Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH) and 10 mL deionized glass-distilled water see Note 1). 

Pure methane, propane, and butane can be easily found from local chemicals suppliers, if the commercial mixtures traded (natural gas, commercial propane, and commercial butane) are not good for some laboratory work. For small lab demonstrations they may also be obtained in situ e.g., methane may be easily produced by means of Al C3(s)+6H20(l) = 3CH (g) + 2Al203(s), or by heating a 50/50 mix of anhydrous sodium acetate and sodium hydroxide, NaOH(s) + NaC H O fs) = CH (g)+Na2C03(s), as did his discoverer, the American Mathews, in 1899. 

The American Chemical Society publishes a compendium of tests for evaluating the purity and quality of basic laboratory chemicals. Reagent chemicals that do not reference the ACS meet the manufacturer s own reagent specifications, which vary among suppliers. 

Examples of meta-sites for chemical suppliers on-line are provided in Table 11.1. The site http //www.chemexper. com also allows access to Expereact WEB, a laboratory management program that helps to keep stock control, order products, add reactions (electronic laboratory journal), export all the information to a word processor, etc. 

Recently, at my place of work, I had occasion to order one pound of Rochelle salts (potassium sodium tartarate) from a major chemical supplier. This material was for use in a laboratory scale cyanide copper plating bath, where the Rochelle salt acts as a complexor. To get them to sell me this material, I had to answer a battery of questions, in spite of the fact that the firm at which I work has had a long customer relationship with this major chemical supplier. Less scrutiny of tartaric acid purchases would likely be encountered from a firm which supplies chemicals to the plating industry. To get tartaric acid from Rochelle salts, just dissolve them in water, and then add hydrochloric acid until the pH of the decimolar solution reaches 2. 

CFR1910.1450(f)(3)(v) 4.2.1.4 The location and availability of known reference material on the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the laboratory including, but not limited to. Material Safety Data Sheets received from the chemical supplier. 

N.B. Specific, self-explanatory instructions on cleanup may also be found under Spillage. The special equipment used for cleaning up laboratory spillages can be obtained from the chemical suppliers. 

Lastly, the impact of demulsifier choices and chemistries on petroleum recovery operations are discussed. We conclude with identification of the need for cooperation between research providers, petroleum operations, and chemical suppliers geared towards an effort for full scientific understanding of demulsifica-tion. Examples of crude-oil properties and demulsifica-tion are drawn from over three decades of published results of researchers worldwide. Examples of demul-sification of bitumen W/O emulsions are excerpted from work performed in the author s own laboratory at CANMET. 

In its entirety, this book constitutes a strong recommendation to workers in laboratories to exo-cise prudence in designing and carrying out their studies so as to maintain a safe workplace and safe operational procedures. In addition, the committee has identified a number of specific areas that need improvement, not only by laboratory workers themselves, but also by regulators at all levels and by chemical suppliers, in order to enhance the climate for laboratory safety. Summarized below are the committee s findings and specific recommendations for action. 

The committee recommends that chemical suppliers adopt a uniform bar code identification system that would facilitate establishment and maintenance of laboratory chemical inventory and tracking systems. 

---