Major suppliers

The major manufacturers of PP and their trade names are given in Table 7. 

DuPont de Nemours is the world s largest manufacturer of polyamide with global capacity of around 600,000 tpa in 2002. DuPont production capacity for polyamide in Western Europe was around 100,000 tpa. DuPont also has a major production facility at Richmond, Virginia, USA. 

BASF is the second largest supplier of polyamide resins in the world with global production capacity for its Ultramid polyamide of around 340,000 tpa in 2002. In Europe, BASF has plants in Antwerp, Belgium and Ludwigshafen, Germany. Total European capacity is estimated at close to 

000 tpa. BASF also has a major production site at Freeport, USA. 

In January 2003, it was announced that BASF is to acquire the engineering plastics business of Honeywell, including Honeywell s polyamide resin and compounding businesses. Worldwide, Honeywell has production capacity of around 100,000 tpa for polyamide resin with facilities in Europe, the USA and Asia. Honeywell has production capacity for its Capron polyamide of around 

Rhodia Engineering Plastics business is the world s third largest producer of polyamide with a global capacity of around 250,000 tpa in 2002. In October 2000, Rhodia, announced a spending 

Asia is the largest PE market at 14 billion kg consumed in 2001. North America is the second largest, consuming 12.7 billion kg, and Western Europe is the third largest market at 12.3 billion kg. North America PE exports are anticipated to shrink through 2005. The Asia Pacific region will increase its import demand, thus nearly doubling PE imports from 2000 to 2005. This demand will be primarily supplied from new capacity built in the Middle East. 

Redrawn from J.P. Forest, Revue Generale des Caoutchoucs et Plastiques, 2002, 78, 801, 42. Copyright Societe D expansion Technique et Economique, Paris, France, 2002. 

Supplier/process Trade name, type of PE produced 

Allied Signal Paxon (HDPE and UV-stabilised, MDPE). 

Asahi Kasei KK, suspension Metallocene-based HDPE. 

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As in previous editions I have tried to give some idea of the commercial importance of the materials discussed. What has been difficult is to continue to indicate major suppliers since there have been many mergers and transfers of manufacturing rights. There has also been considerable growth in manufacturing capacity in the Pacific Rim area and in Latin America. However this has tended to coincide with the considerable economic turmoil in these areas particularly during the period of preparation for this edition. For this reason most of the... 

The last decade has also seen the advent of commercial SIS polymers with 15-18% styrene content, but with higher diblock content (typically 30-55%). These are available from many of the major suppliers. The higher diblock content makes them ideal for label applications where low modulus PSAs provide easy die cuttabilty in processing, and rapid wet out and bonding to the substrate in the label application. The shear holding power characteristic would be reduced, but this would not be a critical factor for many label applications. 

An unannounced visit from a major supplier coincided with a group training session, which gave the Plant Manager the opportunity to brief him on the division s work in PSM. 

Any impurities present in the solvents may aifect the cut-ofT value, and it is therefore essential to employ materials of the highest purity. Most major suppliers of laboratory chemicals offer products which have been specially purified and carefully tested to ensure that they are of the requisite standard for use in spectrophotometric determinations. Such chemicals are usually identified by a special name as for example the Spectrosol , materials supplied by BDH Ltd. In many cases, however, it suffices to subject the purest material available to spectrophotometric examination, and if there is no appreciable absorption over the spectral range required for the proposed determination, the solvent may be used otherwise careful purification will be needed.18... 

N,N-diethylhydroxylamine [(C2H5)2NOH] has a MW of 89.1 and a sp. gr. of 0.902. It is typically supplied as an 85% hygroscopic, corrosive yellow liquid, such as Pennstop 85% from Elf Atochem, and is also present in many diluted or blended product forms, such as Dearborn Neutrox 53 (30% DEHA and 3% hydroquinone) and Calgon RB-304 (17.5% DEHA and 7.5% hydroquinone). Japan is a major supplier of DEHA. 

The strategies explored and defined in the various examples presented open a way for wider application of microwave chemistry in industry. The most important problem for chemists today (in particular, drug discovery chemists) is to scale-up microwave chemistry reactions for a large variety of synthetic reactions with minimal optimization of the procedures for scale-up. At the moment, there is a growing demand from industry to scale-up microwave-assisted chemical reactions, which is pushing the major suppliers of microwave reactors to develop new systems. In the next few years, these new systems will evolve to enable reproducible and routine kilogram-scale microwave-assisted synthesis. 

Another major supplier of stable isotope reference materials is the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) in Geel, Belgium. These materials... 

The reaction equilibrium is shifted to the right. The major supplier of phosphate groups is GTP, but for this purpose, ATP may also be available. 

Eka Nobel, a major supplier of sodium chlorate and chlorine dioxide has focussed on the possibilities to convert sodium chlorate and sodium sesquisul-fate into products which can be used internally by pulp mills. A recently... 

SO3 sulfonation process plants, major suppliers of, 23 544, 545-546t Soak cleaners, controlling, 9 782 Soak cleaning, for electroplating, 9 781-782 Soap(s), 22.723-760... 

Caution Tetranitromethane is nasty stuff, it explodes on contact with most any impurity, and is toxic and conosive. For these reasons it cannot be shipped UPS it must be trucked and the shipping will cost a minimum of 50. Even if you order 1 g you pay 50 shipping, so if you are going to order some you may as well get as much as you can possibly afford. It is possible to have a university or analytical lab make some for you, but the cost of these little outfits may overcome the high shipping costs from the major suppliers. Expect to pay 35 for 5 g from the major suppliers. If you live close enough to the big suppliers to pick it up in person, you are lucky if you have an accident on the way home with 50 g of the stuff in your car, you may be very unlucky. 

Here is a list of chemical suppliers that are legitimate businesses. It is true that the DEA often sets up fake supply houses, giving great prices on hard to find items, such as lysergic acid, to lure underground chemists into traps. These suppliers listed below are not part of any law organization. They are major suppliers only. However, they are required by law to report sales of certain substances. Note 800 telephone numbers are toll free. 

Another important point was made by this study if possible, use reference samples with gene expression levels similar to those expected for the test samples. This should improve quantification at the low end. Moreover, the Tan et al., (2003) and Barczak (2003) studies also demonstrate the need for the standardization of commercial microarray products and reference standards so that both interlaboratory and cross-platform performances can be properly assessed. While commercial microarrays from different vendors all claim substantial gene probe "real estate," the number of probes in common is smaller. This makes it difficult to compare experiments across platforms, especially those from major suppliers such as Affymetrix, Agilent, and Amersham (Figure 2.8). 

Butyl and Halobutyl Rubber. Butyl mbber is made by the polymerization of isobutylene a small amount of isoprene is added to provide sites for curing. It is designated HR because of these monomers. Halogenation of butyl mbber with bromine or chlorine increases the reaction rate for vulcanization and laminates or blends of halobutyl are feasible for production of mbber goods. It is estimated that of the 100 million kg of butyl (HR) and halobutyl (HIIR) mbber in North America, over 90% is used in tire applications. The halogenated polymer is used in the innerliner of tubeless tires. Butyl mbber is used to make innertubes and curing bladders. The two major suppliers of butyl and halobutyl polymers in North America are Exxon and Bayer (see ELASTOLffiRS, synthetic-butyl rubber). 

Identification of main actors involved in processes within the selected sectors develop a list of major suppliers and users and allocate them to categories (e.g., size, existing contacts, etc.) — list of potential ChL clients. 

T he petroleum industry entered the field of aromatics production largely because the unprecedented demand for toluene for the manufacture of TNT at the outbreak of World War II in 1939 could not be met by other sources. As a result of its efforts, the industry supplied 75 to 85% of all the toluene which was nitrated for TNT production during the latter years of World War II. Since that time the petroleum refiners have remained in the field and at present they are major suppliers of toluene and xylenes. In Table I it is shown that in 1949 about 59% of the toluene and 84% of the xylenes produced in the United States were derived from petroleum sources. The petroleum industry has diversified its operations in the field of aromatics production until at present a variety of materials is offered. Table II presents a partial list of the commercially available aromatics, together with some of their uses. A number of other aromatics, such as methylethyl-benzene and trimethylbenzene, have been separated in small scale lots both as mixtures and as pure compounds. 

Major suppliers of synthetic proteinase substrates are Bachem, Enzyme Systems Products, and Sigma. 

Itera is the only private company that produces significant volumes of gas in Russia (23 billion cubic meters in 2002). Itera has been a major supplier of Turkmen gas to former Soviet countries for several years. 

Most of the routine TLC equipment mentioned above can be obtained from the major suppliers listed in Tables 3.1 and 3.2. These items and accessories are available in many styles, shapes and sizes, and are suitable for most analytical requirements. 

The final order lists were optimised towards a minimum number of different vendors. In a vendor analysis of our database, we could observe that a significant proportion of screening compounds are offered by more than one vendor, sometimes even with identical or similar order codes. Such compounds were sourced from one major supplier to benefit from single transaction costs and possible discounts. Both after obtaining the quotes and receiving the final deliveries, we had to account for a certain percentage of dropouts due to compound unavailability. It is our experience that this varies from supplier to supplier, but typically only 90 % of desired compounds are available. Therefore, it is advisable to order in excess of the final library target size. 

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