Petroleum recovery

The carboxylated units, ionized, decrease adsorption on subterranean substrates (23), ia proportion to the number of units, an important parameter ia petroleum recovery processes. In waste treatment processes cationic acrylamide comonomer units are often used (31) to iacrease adsorption and thereby flocculation of soHds ia wastewater (see Acrylamide POLYMERS Flocculating agents). The favorable and characteristics of acrylamide facilitate the... 

The first criterion was associated with improved secondary and tertiary petroleum recovery processes. This is the justification for the patent appHcations issued to the Dow (50) and Exxon (51) corporations. The additional costs of production and the increased adsorption of such modified water-soluble polymers are detrimental to the commercial appHcation of such polymers and even the academic studies in this area have decreased in recent years. 

One appHcation patented ia 1989 is the injection of sodium alumiaate into silica-containing formations for enhanced petroleum recovery (39). Additionally, the pharmaceutical industry uses sodium alumiaate as an alkaline source of aluminum for the production of certain antacids (40). 

Petroleum Recovery. Steam is iajected iato oil wells for tertiary petroleum recovery. Steam pumped iato the partly depleted oil reservoirs through iaput wells decreases the viscosity of cmde oil trapped ia the porous rock of a reservoir, displaces the cmde, and maintains the pressure needed to push the oil toward the production well (see Petroleum, enhanced recovery). Steam is also used ia hot-water extractioa of oil from tar sands (qv) ia the caustic conditioning before the separatioa ia a flotatioa tank (35). 

In secondary operations, where chemicals are injected into hydrocarbon formations in conjunction with a chemical flooding process, polyamines are used to reduce the loss of injected chemicals to the formation by adsorption and precipitation (312). TEPA and other ethyleneamines are used with water-soluble polymeric thickeners in water—flood petroleum recovery operations to stabilize viscosity, mobiUty, and pH while imparting resistance to hydrolysis (313). 

Interfacial Phenomena in Petroleum Recovery, edited by Norman R. Morrow... 

When or if the reservoir is successfully simulated, the engineer can turn to optimizing petroleum recovery, and theoretical ideas can be applied to models for various enhanced recovery methods to select optimal procedures and schedules (see Chapter 7). 

T. P. Lockhart and G. Burrafato. Gellable buffered aqueous composition and its use in enhanced petroleum recovery. Patent EP 390281, 1990. 

Cationic Surfactants Organic Chemistry, edited by James M. Richmond Alkylene Oxides and Their Polymers, F. E. Bailey, Jr, and Joseph V. Koleske Interfacial Phenomena in Petroleum Recovery, edited by Norman R. Morrow Cationic Surfactants Physical Chemistry, edited by Donn N. Rubingh and Paul M. Holland... 

John J. Meister, A Review of Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Complex Polymers for Use in the Recovery of Petroleum and Other Natural Resources, Chapter 2 in the Book Water-Soluble Polymers for Petroleum Recovery, Dr.D.N. Schulz, Dr.G.A. Stahl, Editors, Plenum Publishing Corp. 1988 ISBN 0-306-42915-2. 

Calorimetric Phase Studies of Model Amphiphilic Petroleum Recovery Systems... 

Petroleum recovery typically deals with conjugate fluid phases, that is, with two or more fluids that are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Conjugate phases are also encountered when amphiphiles fe.g.. surfactants or alcohols) are used in enhanced oil recovery, whether the amphiphiles are added to lower interfacial tensions, or to create dispersions to improve mobility control in miscible flooding 11.21. 

New Mexico Petroleum Recovery Research Center, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801... 

The long-term goal of this investigation is an understanding of the effect of a particular mode of adsorption on montmorillonite which ensures that under pressure the clay platelets align parallel to a solid surface even under saline conditions. This is an important phenomenon in petroleum recovery processes. 

Petroleum production technologies, 18 607 Petroleum products, 18 663-674 asphalt, 18 671-673 coke, 18 673-674 fuel oil, 18 669 gasoline, 18 665-667 information sources for, 15 765 kerosene, 18 667-669 liquefied petroleum gas, 18 664-665 lubricating oil, 18 669-670 solvents, 18 667 Petroleum recovery... 

Birmingham DJ. 1988. Contact dermatitis and related dermatoses associated with petroleum recovery and use. Occupational Medicine State of the Art Reviews 3(3) 511-523. 

Salamone JC, Ahmed I, Raheja MK, Elayaperumal P, Watterson AC, Olson AP (1988) In Stahl GA, Shultz DN (eds) Water soluble polymers for petroleum recovery, Plenum, New York p 181... 

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