Kolbe

Kolbe reaction The pre >aration of saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons by the electrolysis of solutions of the alkali salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids. Thus, ethanoic acid gives ethane,... [Pg.232]

A large variety of organic oxidations, reductions, and rearrangements show photocatalysis at interfaces, usually of a semiconductor. The subject has been reviewed [326,327] some specific examples are the photo-Kolbe reaction (decarboxylation of acetic acid) using Pt supported on anatase [328], the pho-... [Pg.738]

Kolb D M 1996 Reconstruction phenomena at metal-electrolyte interfaces Prog. Surf. Sc/. 51 109... [Pg.320]

Waldman D A, Kolb B U, McCarthy T J and Hsu S L 1988 Infrared study of adsorbed monolayers of poly(styrene-propylene sulphide) (PS-PPS) block copolymers Polym. Mater. Sc/. Eng. 59 326-33... [Pg.2641]

Kolb M, Botet R and Jullien R 1983 Scaling of kinetically growing clusters Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 1123-6... [Pg.2693]

Kolb D M and Franke C 1982 Surface states at the metal-electrolyte interface Appl. Phys A 49 379-87... [Pg.2756]

Franke C, Piazza G and Kolb D M 1989 The influence of halide adsorption on the electronic surface states of silver electrodes Electrochim. Acta 34 67-73... [Pg.2756]

Kolb D M, Rath D L, Wille R and Flansen W N 1983 An ESCA study on the electrochemical double layer of emersed electrodes Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 87 1108-11 131... [Pg.2756]

Kolb D M, Kdtz R and Yamamoto K 1979 Copper monolayer formation on platinum single crystal surfaces Optical and... [Pg.2758]

Batina N, Will T and Kolb D M 1992 Study of the initial stages of copper deposition by in situ STM Faraday Discuss. 94 93-106... [Pg.2759]

Zegenhagen J, Kazimirov A, Scherb G, Kolb D M, Smilgies D-M and Feidenhans l R 1996 X-ray diffraction study of a semiconductor/electrolyte interface n-GaAs(001)/H2S04( Cu) 1996 Surf. Sc/. 352-354 346-51... [Pg.2759]

Salicylic acid. The preparation of salicylic acid by passing carbon dioxide into dry sodium phenoxide at 170-190° is the classical example of the Kolbe-Schmltt reaction. The latter is a method for introducing a carboxyl group directly into a phenol nucleus. [Pg.754]

Knoevenagel reaction Knorr pyrrole synthesis. Kolbe>Schmitt reaction Leuckart reaction Mannich reaction... [Pg.1210]

The 3.8-nonadienoate 91, obtained by dimerization-carbonylation, has been converted into several natural products. The synthesis of brevicomin is described in Chapter 3, Section 2.3. Another royal jelly acid [2-decenedioic acid (149)] was prepared by cobalt carbonyl-catalyzed carbonylation of the terminal double bond, followed by isomerization of the double bond to the conjugated position to afford 149[122], Hexadecane-2,15-dione (150) can be prepared by Pd-catalyzed oxidation of the terminal double bond, hydrogenation of the internal double bond, and coupling by Kolbe electrolysis. Aldol condensation mediated by an organoaluminum reagent gave the unsaturated cyclic ketone 151 in 65% yield. Finally, the reduction of 151 afforded muscone (152)[123]. n-Octanol is produced commercially as described beforc[32]. [Pg.445]

CARBOXYLATION OF PHENOLS ASPIRIN AND THE KOLBE-SCHMITT REACTION... [Pg.1006]

The key compound m the synthesis of aspirin salicylic acid is prepared from phe nol by a process discovered m the nineteenth century by the German chemist Hermann Kolbe In the Kolbe synthesis also known as the Kolbe—Schmitt reaction, sodium phen oxide IS heated with carbon dioxide under pressure and the reaction mixture is subse quently acidified to yield salicylic acid... [Pg.1006]

Carboxylation of Phenols Aspirin and the Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction... [Pg.1007]

The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction is an equilibrium process governed by thermodynamic control The position of equilibrium favors formation of the weaker base (salicylate ion) at the expense of the stronger one (phenoxide ion) Thermodynamic control is also responsible for the pronounced bias toward ortho over para substitution Salicylate anion IS a weaker base than p hydroxybenzoate and predominates at equilibrium... [Pg.1007]

The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction has been applied to the preparation of other o hydroxy benzoic acids Alkyl derivatives of phenol behave very much like phenol itself... [Pg.1007]

Section 24 10 The Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis of salicylic acid is a vital step m the preparation of aspirin Phenols as their sodium salts undergo highly regioselective ortho carboxylation on treatment with carbon dioxide at elevated temperature and pressure... [Pg.1017]

Kolbe-Schmitt reaction (Section 24 10) The high pressure re action of the sodium salt of a phenol with carbon dioxide to give an o hydroxybenzoic acid The Kolbe-Schmitt reac tion IS used to prepare salicylic acid in the synthesis of as pinn... [Pg.1287]

Lavoisier beUeved he could distinguish acetic acid from acetous acid, the hypothetical acid of vinegar, which he thought was converted into acetic acid by oxidation. Following Lavoisier s demise, Adet proved the essential identity of acetic acid and acetous acid, the latter being the monohydrate, and in 1847, Kolbe finally prepared acetic acid from the elements. [Pg.64]

Metal Anodes" ia ECT3rd ed., VoL 15, pp. 172—183, by H. S. Holden, Diamond Shamrock Technologies, SA, and J. M. Kolb, Diamond Shamrock Corp. [Pg.125]

Hydroxy-1-Naphthalenecarboxylic Acid. 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid is manufactured by a Kolbe-type process, ie, by reaction of the thoroughly dried potassium or sodium 2-naphthalenolate with CO2 at ca 115—130°C in an autoclave at ca 300—460 kPa (3.0—4.5 atm) for 10—16 h. It decarboxylates readily, eg, in water starting at ca 50°C. [Pg.505]

Diacyl peroxides (20, R = R = alkyl or aryl) have been obtained from the oxidation of carboxyhc acid potassium salts by Kolbe electrolysis or by elemental fluorine (187). [Pg.125]

Alkylphenols undergo a carboxylation reaction known as the Kolbe Schmidt reaction. In the following example, the phenolate anion of /)-nonylphenol (15) reacts with carbon dioxide under pressure. Neutralization generates a sahcyhc acid (16) (10). [Pg.60]

T. R. Melli, W. B. Kolb, J. M. deSantos, and L. E. Scriven, "Cocurrent Downflow in Packed Beds Microscale Roots of Macroscale Plow Regimes,"... [Pg.528]

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