Kolbe-Schmitt reaction,, etc

Kolbe and Schmitt162 showed that salicyclic acid could be obtained by passing dry carbon dioxide over dry sodium phenoxide, the temperature being raised gradually to 110-200° during the reaction  

In that reaction part of the sodium phenoxide is converted into free phenol which does not react with carbon dioxide so, in order to obtain complete reaction, as required in an industrial process, Schmitt caused carbon dioxide to react with sodium phenoxide in a pressure vessel, heating in that case being to 120-150°. 

If the reaction is carried out with potassium phenoxide, the isomer, p-hy-droxybenzoic acid is obtained between 100° and 150° dipotassium salicylate is formed in this case also, but it rearranges, completely at 200°, to p-hydroxy-benzoic acid. Addition of carbon dioxide to polyhydric phenols or amino-phenols occurs even in aqueous solution. 1-Naphthol is also amenable to the reaction. 

In hydrogen fluoride containing antimony pentafluoride, aliphatic hydrocarbons are converted by carbon monoxide at atmospheric pressure and 0-20° into carboxylic acids or ketones 163 

If after the absorption of carbon monoxide by methylcyclohexane the mixed products are treated with benzene, a 63% yield of cyclohexyl phenyl ketone is obtained, together with 10% of dicyclohexyl ketone and other by-products. 

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