Jojoba oil

Jojoba oil Jojoba oil [61789-91-1] Jojoba wax [66625-78-3] Jominy test Jones reductor Jones separator Joosten method Jordan refiner Josamycin [16846-24-5]... 

Jojoba. Jojoba oil [61789-91-1] is obtained from the seeds of the jojoba plant grown in semiarid regions of Costa Rica, Israel, Mexico, and the United States. The oil is made up of ca 80 wt % of esters of eicos-ll-enoic and docos-13-enoic acids, and eicos-ll- -l-ol, and docos-13- -l-ol, ca 17 wt % of other hquid esters, with the balance being free alcohols, free acids, and steroids. Jojoba oil is used primarily in the formulation of cosmetics. Hydrogenated jojoba oil is a wax used in candles and other low volume specialty apphcations. 

Jojoba is a desert crop that gives a small bean containing about 50% of a wax, a fatty acid ester with a fatty alcohol. The only other large source of such a wax is sperm whale oil, traditionally used in fine lubricants (see Lubrication and lubricants). Because the sperm whale is an endangered species, relatively Httle sperm whale oil is available and there is a large market for a substitute. Jojoba oil has been found to be usable for most of these appHcations. The jojoba oil is obtained by simply pressing the nut followed by conventional refining. Some jojoba oil is used in cosmetics (qv). 

The problems with jojoba as a commercial crop are the usual ones of domestication and cultivation. It is a slow-growing plant, available only in the wild and therefore has very wide genetic variabiUty. Efforts are underway to select the most promising variants and cultivate these as a crop in the southwestern United States deserts (7). A possible alternative for producing jojoba oil is to culture plant embryos in bioreactors (see Cell culture technology). 

In an article dealing with applications of olefin CM to a series of commercial products [138], solvent-free CM between ( )-3-hexene (produced by homocoupling of 1-butene) and 11-eicosenyl acetate 303 (produced from jojoba oil) was used to produce acetate 304 (Scheme 59), which is - as a natural 82 18 (EIZ) mixture - the pheromone of omnivorous leafroller, and serves as an environment-friendly pest controlling agent. The CM reaction was performed without solvent at 5 °C with a 4 1 mixture of ( )-3-hexene and 303, in the presence of only 0.2 mol% catalyst C, and furnished after 20 h coupling product 304 ( Z=83 17) in 50% yield. 

Beeswax (triacontanyl palmitate) octadecyl octadecanoate (stearyl stearate) dodecyl hexadecanoate (lauryl palmitate) cetyl palmitate lanolin carnauba wax glycol distearate jojoba oil... 

Biological, Chemical Reconnaissance System (JSLNBCRS), 5 832 Joint Service Standoff Chemical Agent Detector (JSLSCAD), 5 832 Joint ventures, 15 639-640 Joint Warning and Reporting Network (JWARN), 5 832 Jojoba oil, 26 212-213 Jojoba wax, cosmetically useful lipid, 7 833t... 

Spencer, G. F., Plattner, R. D., and Miwa, T. (1977). Jojoba oil analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Am. Oil Chemists Soc. 54,187-189. 

Jasmine lactone, preparation, 787 Jet fuel, autoxidation, 665 Jojoba oil, ozonized, 718 Juice, hydrogen peroxide content, 653... 

The shape-selectivity of ZSM-5 is particularly remarkable. Active centres at the inner walls of the catalyst readily release protons to organic reactant molecules forming carbonium ions, which in turn, through loss of water and a succession of C—C forming steps, yield a mixture of hydrocarbons that is similar to gasoline. The feedstock can be methanol, ethanol, corn oil or jojoba oil. The shape-selectivity of this catalyst is particularly striking, as can be seen from the product distribution obtained for the dehydration of three different alcohols (Table 8.2). The product distribution can be understood in terms of the intermediate pore size of ZSM-5, which can accommodate linear alkanes and isoalkanes as well as monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons smaller than 1, 3, 5-trimethyl benzene. In Table 8.3, we list some of the recent innovations in catalysis, to highlight the important place occupied by molecular-sieve catalysts. 

Table 9.2-3 shows the specification of commercially available jojoba oil and its bio-synthetically analogous product-oleyl oleate. 

Commercial jojoba oil Oleyl oleate produced by biosynthesis in SCF... 

Investigators also have described the potential of the jojoba plant. a native of the Sonoran desert of Mexico, Arizona, and California. The desert shrub produces seeds about the size of groundnuts (peanuts) which contain a liquid wax, frequently called jojoba oil. The oil is similar to... 

Esters obtained from alcohols and fatty acids have many remarkable applications. Those from long chain acids (12-20 carbon atoms) and short chain alcohols (3-8 carbon atoms) have been widely employed in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries (1). Natural esters such as those from jojoba oil, carnauba wax, and whale oil have been used. However, these oils are expensive and are not usually available in large amounts. Therefore, it is desirable to develop methods for the production of such esters using cheaper and more plentiful raw materials (2). 

Fig. 2. Antinociceptive effects of intraplantar BEO in the capsaicin test. BEO was injected into the plantar surface of the hindpaw 10 min prior to injection of capsaicin (50 ng/paw). Jojoba oil was used as a control, which was without affecting the capsaicin-induced nociceptive response. Data are means + S.E.M. in — 10 mice per group). p < 0.001, p < 0.01 when compared with Jojoba oil-treated controls by Dunnett s test.

Jojoba oil was first produced as a possible substitute for the spermaceti oil or wax derived from sperm whales. Jojoba oil is pressed from the seeds of the jojoba tree (Simmondsia chinensis), which is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family. This oil is very stable and resistant to oxidation. Its uses are mostly cosmetic, in shampoos, lotions, and sun block lotions. It is also used as a lubricant, as a polish, and mixed with other oils and wax in water-resistant coatings and candles. 

Jojoba oil is derived from the seeds of the jojoba tree (Simmondsia chinen-sis), which is grown commercially in Mexico, Arizona, and Southern California. 

Waxes are common forms of high-energy storage, in the oils of fish and other marine animals. The major lipids of commercial whale oil consist of approximately 65 percent waxes and 35 percent TAG. The lipids of Australian orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) and dory fish oils are 97.1 and 90.9 percent wax esters, respectively.58 Essentially all the oil in jojoba (Simmondsia chiensis) seed is in wax form. Whale and jojoba oils have been valued for stability in cosmetics and heavy-duty lubrication applications. 

The present work reports results and observations on the enzymatic synthesis of oleyl oleate (which is a synthetic analogue of jojoba oil) in supercritical carbon dioxide. Special stress was laid on the comparison between batch and continuous systems for the above mentioned synthesis. Influence of different reaction parameters on the reaction yield and initial reaction rates was studied. 

The enzymatic esterification of oleic acid and oleyl alcohol to obtain oleyl oleate, which is a synthetic analogue of jojoba oil, was studied. The reaction was catalyzed by a commercially available immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. As solvents, carbon dioxide and liquid n-butane were used. Reactions were performed in a batch and in continuously operating high pressure reactors. 

Camauba, candelilla, rice bran, and fruit ( iple, bamboo, sugar, cane, citrus) waxes, jojoba oil Wood rosin, tree lacs, citms terpenes, gum lacs Camphor, mint and citrus fruit essential oils Liquorice... 

Formerly extracted from whale adipose tissue. No longer produced mid sold in accordance with international regulations concerning whale capture. Now replaced by syntiietic spermaceti made of pure cetyl palmitate or mixtures based on jojoba oil. 

Simmondsia chinensis seed oil. Jojoba oil is another source of C20 and C22 compounds that has already been developed as a marketable product but in limited supply (195). It is produced by a drought-resistant plant that withstands desert heat. 

Jojoba oil is not a triacylglycerol but a mixture of wax esters based mainly on 20 1 and 22 1 acids and alcohols. It contains C40, C42, and C44 esters with two isolated double bonds (one in the acyl chain and one in the alkyl chain). The oil serves as replacement for sperm whale oil, which is proscribed in most countries because the sperm whale is an endangered species. At present, jojoba oil is a high-priced oil used mainly in cosmetics, but it has excellent lubricating properties and could be used extensively for this purpose if available in sufficient quantity at an appropriate price. 

J. Wisniak, ed., The Chemistry and Technology of Jojoba Oil, AOCS Press, Champaign, Illinois, 1987. 

Jojoba oil Partially digestible Predominantly Caoii Nestec Ltd. (Switzerland)... 

Jojoba Oil Oils from novel plant sources have also gained interest as potential fat substitutes. One such example is jojoba oU. Typically, jojoba plant can reach up to 4.5 m in height and live for more than 150 years. The plant is suitable for hot climates and can be grown on salty soils and even in deserts. The oil is obtained from an evergreen shrub of the Buxaceae family, Simmodsia chinensis. 

Results showed that jojoba oil is not fuUy hydrolyzed by the pancreatic lipase because of its structure. Weight gain data in rats showed that jojoba oil has a low-caloric value compared with com oil (67). There were problems associated with the consumption of jojoba oil. For instance, in rat feeding trials, anal leakage, depression, weakness, and death were observed when jojoba oil was fed at moderate-to-high doses (67). Animal studies with jojoba oil also showed that approximately 40% of the oil was absorbed (67), and therefore might serve as a low-calorie replacement for edible fats and oils in food use provided this compound was proven safe for food applications. Hence, possible applications of this oil are in control of obesity and calories. 

Leather softeners that are technically satisfactory can also be made from jojoba oil (5) and even butadiene rubber (6). Waste animal fat obtained from scraping the flesh from the fresh hide, before the leathermaking process is begun, can be used after sulfation or ethoxylation. 

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