Endangered species

Spermaceti. Spermaceti [8002-23-1] is derived from the head oil of the sperm whale. Owing to the present status of the sperm whale as an endangered species, however, the material is no longer an item of commerce and has been replaced by other natural and synthetic waxes. 

Jojoba is a desert crop that gives a small bean containing about 50% of a wax, a fatty acid ester with a fatty alcohol. The only other large source of such a wax is sperm whale oil, traditionally used in fine lubricants (see Lubrication and lubricants). Because the sperm whale is an endangered species, relatively Httle sperm whale oil is available and there is a large market for a substitute. Jojoba oil has been found to be usable for most of these appHcations. The jojoba oil is obtained by simply pressing the nut followed by conventional refining. Some jojoba oil is used in cosmetics (qv). 

EPA s decision to register a pesticide is based in part on the risk of adverse elfects on endangered species as well as the environmental fate (how a pesticide will affect the habitat), Under FIFRA, EPA can issue emergency suspensions of certain pesticides to cancel, or restrict their use if an endangered species will be adversely affected. Under a new program, EPA, FWS, and USDA are distributing hundreds of county bulletins which include habitat maps, pe.sticide use limiiiiions,, md other actions required to protect listed species. 

The environment tliat may be affected, and the impact of a release on sensitive natural areas and endangered species... 

Agency (EPA), which was established in 1970, the same year the first Clean Air Act was passed into law. In 1972 the Clean Water Act became law, and in 1973 the Endangered Species Act became law. Other important federal environmental legislation includes the Resource Consei vation and Recoveiy Act, passed in 1976 the Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 the Nuclear Waste Policy Acts of 1982 and 1987 and the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Acts of 1980 and 1985. From 1980 to 2000 these environmental regulations, and the enforcement efforts of the EPA, have had a much greater impact on decisions made in the energy industiy than all the policy initiatives implemented by the DOE. 

In certain cases, such as the treatment of zoo animals or endangered species, it may be impossible to recover the cost of approval of a drug for that species. In such circumstances, the FDA can add the drug to an index oflegally marketed non-approved drugs. A drug can only be indexed for use in situations vhere there is no risk of it entering the human food chain. 

In a (laboratory) world increasingly dominated by specialization, the vendor knows what makes the instrument tick, the technician runs the samples, and the statistician crunches numbers. The all-arounder who is aware of how these elements interact, unfortunately, is an endangered species. 

For threatened or endangered species, or species of special concern, it is often necessary to analyze specimens that have died of causes not directly attributable to mercury. Bird eggs that have been abandoned or flooded out may be used for analyses. However, if the eggs were pushed out of the nest by parents that are incnbating the rest of the clntch, the reason for rejection of the egg must be considered in order to properly interpret mercury residue levels. Similarly, birds killed by predators may be suitable for analysis, but the internal tissues of sick or emaciated birds should not be nsed for residue analysis because in some studies, error has resulted from remobilization of mercury (Ensor etal. 1992 Sundlof etal. 1994). 

Raccoon Adult Hair Widespread distribution and easily studied prey for endangered species (Florida panther)... 

CITES International regulations designed to prevent the trafficking of narcotics and other controlled substances and endangered species... 

This soft, silver white metal reacts with air and water. The oxide is applied in optical glasses with high refractive indices (special lenses for powerful cameras and telescopes). Used for special effects in optoelectronics and electronics. Lanthanum exhibits catalytic properties. It is a component of flint and battery electrodes. Lanthanum boride (LaB6) is the superior electron-emitter for electron microscopes. Lanthanum is the first of the series of 14 lanthanides, also called the "rare-earth" metals, whose inner N shells are filled with electrons. They do not belong on the "red list" of endangered species they are neither rare nor threatened with depletion. China is particularly rich in lanthanide ores. 

No data are available on the toxicity of copper to avian wildlife. All studies with birds and copper use domestic chickens, ducks, or turkeys (Table 3.6). Copper, however, may indirectly affect avian wildlife by curtailing certain prey species. Winger et al. (1984), for example, show that apple snails (Pomacea paludosa) are not only extremely susceptible to copper (LC50 of 24 to 57 pg/L in 96 h immatures most sensitive), but are the primary food of the snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), an endangered species. The decline of the apple snail in southern Florida coincided with the use of copper-diquat to control hydrilla aquatic weeds (Hydrilla verticillata), with serious implications for the snail kite (Winger et al. 1984). 

A significant reduction in populations of nontarget organisms and fatalities to endangered species (USEPA 1985)... 

It is probable that these species are not representative of unusually sensitive or endangered species, but they can be considered appropriate sentinel organisms for many species of free-living wildlife. 

The formal EcoRA focuses on relatively manageable and observable biological units (individual animals or plants or small populations of these organisms) rather than on the ecosystems. In turn, EIA is mostly concerned with ecosystem protection and with cases of endangered species that can potentially be affected. 

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