Instron tensile machine

UV exposed samples were tested on an Instron tensile machine and tensile strength at yield was recorded. Failure time for exposed samples was loss of 50% of original tensile strength. 

An Instron tensile machine can be used to measure stress and strain in the automotive lab. However, incoming inspection at a supplier is generally where this type of analysis takes place. More often, an automotive chemist at an OEM will be required to analyze a sample for failure analysis of that particular part. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) will measure the change in mass of an elastomer in an inert (nitrogen) atmosphere as the temperature is waived. These instruments are very precise and will give information such as degradation temperature, filler content solvent residue, and absorbed moisture content. 

We have previously mentioned that available modulus data are usually obtained using a tensile testing machine. To provide a conversion factor between these quasi-static values and the ultrasonic data given in this review, we have measured the axial Young s modulus of extruded Vectra B on an Instron tensile machine at a rate of 2mmmin . It is found that 3 (ultrasonic)/ 3 (quasi-static) is about 1.5, which is the expected effect of frequency. 

Bat] Mechanical testing in an Instron tensile machine at a constant cross-head speed corresponding to a strain rate of 2.8-10 " -s 0.2% PS, YS, precipitation hardening... 

The test piece is cut as shown to give the 100 mm - 2 mm. The prepared sample is then tensile tested in the Instron Tensile machine at 100 mm min . The result is expressed in kN/m of cord. The minimum requirement is approximately (8D + 38) kN/m where D = cord diameter (mm). 

Specimens used in tests were sections of cables with PVC outer coating. PVC was plasticized with DOF softener. The materials considered were exposed to the radiation and thermal aging. The samples have been irradiated at room temperature by hard gamma rays with 10 rad/sec dose power. A number of samples had been heated for long different times at 90°C. Besides a special specimens were cut out from outer coating for test on tensile machine like "Instron". The total doses of irradiation, times of heating and elongations at break obtained with "Instron" are listed in Table 1. 

The tensile properties of the films, both in the dry and wet state, were performed by a standard Instron testing machine Mod. 4204 at room temperature for wet samples, the tests were carried out in physiological solution. A strain rate of 0.1 min was used for all tests, following the ASTM D-638 protocol. 

All these tests are in common use to measure the tensile stiffness of polymers. For example, tests at constant extension rate are often carried out on an Instron tensile testing machine. Tensile creep is used in many cases while stress relaxation is not so common. Dynamic testing is commonly performed using the Rheovibron or other commercial equipment32 or home made equipment33,... 

Measurements. The morphology of the blends was studied by optical microscopy (Leitz Dialux Pol), transmission electron microscopy (Jeol 100 U), and scanning electron microscopy (Cambridge MK II). Ultramicrotome sections were made with an LKB Ultratome III. Samples for scanning electron microscopy were obtained by fracturing sheets at low temperature. The fracture surfaces were etched with a 30% potassium hydroxide solution to hydrolyse the polycarbonate phase. Stress-relaxation and tensile stress-strain experiments were performed with an Instron testing machine equipped with a thermostatic chamber. Relaxation measurements were carried out in flexion (E > 108 dyn/cm2) or in traction (E < 108 dyn/cm2). Prior to each experiment, the samples were annealed to obtain volumetric equilibrium. 

To determine the quantitative effects of this consolidation procedure, fabric disks cut from the extracted degraded fabric were used as substrates. These fabrics were torn on an Instron tensile testing machine as described earlier and patched with six applications of either the 0.1% dyed wood pulp or the 0.05% dyed Cellunier P slurry. The samples were then torn again on the Instron tester. The average breaking strengths and add-ons of the samples after six passes with slurry are reported in Table IV. A typical tom fabric and a patched fabric are shown in Figures 6 and 7. 

Following a minimum aging period of 48 hr, specimens were cut so that the fibers were parallel to the long or tensile axis. Conventional 1.5-inch dogbone tensile specimens (1 inch gage length) were tested at 0.2 inch/min on an Instron testing machine. 

In order to check experimentally the size criterion given in Eq. (1), we analysed the evolution of the yield stress Oy with strain rate for both materials. Compression tests were carried out with cylinders of 10 mm height and 8 mm diameter. An Instron tensile/compression test machine was used with prescribed clamp speeds of 6.10 - 60 mm/min., resulting in initial strain rates of lO Vs lO Vs. The resulting yield stress varied from 60 to 130 MPa for PMMA and 50 to 65 MPa for PC. 

Test Methods. Fabric Tensile Strength Samples were c iditioned at 21 + 2°C and 65 + 2% relative humidity. Tensile strength was measured on an instron CRE machine according to ASTM method D-1628 (Breaking load and elongation of textiles -grab test) (9). 

Pull tests were carried out using an Instron machine. The procedure used for determining the pull strength is given in a subsequent paper.(4) Pull tests were also performed in aqueous environments. After the curing step, the rods were immersed in boiling water for 2 h. The lower jaw of the Instron tensile tester was modified to perform pull tests in an aqueous medium. 

The shear strength measurement was conducted with an Instron tensile test machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead movement type. A shear tool described in ASTM D732 was used. The samples were run at a crosshead speed of 0.05 In/mln. 

Studies of the tensile properties concerned true stress-true strain measurements taken by means of an INSTRON Tensile Testing Machine and video system. The course of the deformation process running at 20%/min. (2 mm/min.) rate was recorded by means of a video camera. Observations were performed on the volume elements of each sample (see Fig. 2). Changes of sample thickness were measured with a properly modified micrometer screw. Elasticity moduli E, elasticity limit eg and elongation at yield ey were determined on the basis of registered load - crosshead displacement curves. 

Nadella et al. [204] studied the drawing of samples H-0042 and 11-1200, which were produced earlier in their spinning studies [79]. The drawing was carried out on an Instron tensile testing machine. One-inch samples were stretched to three different lengths 1 in. beyond the natural draw ratio (disappearance of neck), approximately 1 in. prior to fracture, and between the above two. If necking was not observed, the first stage corresponded to a... 

Jaf] TF-KM model Instron tensile testing machine tests... 

The electrochemical plating method was used to fabricate IPMCs with different types of electrodes. The exact chemicals and reduction materials are shown in Table. 2.1. An Instron 5565 machine was used for the tensile testing (see Fig. 2.12 (a) for the setup). The fabricated IPMC samples were punched out using a dog-bone shaped punch mold. Its size followed ASTM 638 and 882, as shown in Fig. 2.12 (b). The tensile test was per-... 

The tensile test was carried out with rectangular specimens (width =10 mm and thickness = 5 mm) using a universal tensile machine (UTM 3366, Instron) according to ASTM D 638. A crosshead speed of 1 mm/min was applied. All tests were conducted under ambient conditions. The data reported were averages of at least six measurements. For cured ENR (The results are reported in Table 16.2) and its composites, six measurements were executed with each sample. The tensile properties of both of these coir and luffa fibers were determined using the same tensile machine at a strain rate of 1 mm/min and a gripping length of 50 mm at 23°C 1°C and 58% relative humidity (The results are reported in Table 16.1). 

Tensile properties of TPUs were determined with an Instron tensile testing machine (model 4204, USA), at 25 C and 50% relative humidity at a rate of 20 mm min , using dumbbell specimens (dimensions 30 x 10 x 1.5 mm ). For each formulation at least flve samples were tested. 

Some mechanical properties examinations were also performed. They included tensile tests carried out at 20 °C and 400 °C on full-section specimens by use of an Instron 1195 machine, and Charpy impact tests at 20 °C on half size V-notch specimens using a 300 J Izod machine. 

The mechanical performance of all samples was evaluated by tensile testing with an Instron 5567 machine. As the samples used were too weak to support a conventional mechanical extensometer, an Instron Advanced Video Extensometer model 2663-821 that allows for accurate non-contact strain measurements was used. The tensile testing was performed according to the ASTM standard D882 with a nominal gauge length of 50 mm, a crosshead speed of 6 mm/min, at a temperature of 21.5 °C, and a humidity of 50%. As per the standard, the results of at least five specimens were averaged for each sample. They are summarized in Table 11.2. 

Mechanical properties are the parameters used to measure the forces able to deform the natural rubber blended materials such as elongation, compression, twist and breakage as a function of an applied load, time, temperature or other conditions by testing materials. Results of these tests depend on the size and shape of the specimens of the tested materials. Generally, the specimens are cut into a specific shape and their mechanical properties tested with an accurate load cell capacity and crosshead speed by a tensile machine such as an Instron testing machine or universal testing machine until they deform. ... 

Air-dried S- -PMA powder y5% H2O) was extruded from a C. W. Brabender Plasticorder extruder equipped with a 3/4-in. diameter 20 1 length-to-diameter barrel. The screw had a 3 1 compression ratio and was operated at 40 RPM. Temperature of the slit die (1x0.020 in.) and the end of the barrel was 140°C whereas the inlet zone was 90°C. Dumbbell-shaped tensile specimens were tempered 4 days at 22.2 C and 50% relative humidity before testing on an Instron testing machine at 5 or 50 cm/min cross head speed. Average UTS values were determined from five specimens of each sample. Relative standard deviation for the reported UTS values is 3.7%. 

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