Instron machine

Texture has a number of component attributes, and some of them can be assessed by mechanical means. The texture or firmness of cooked potatoes is evaluated by subjecting each sample to a compression test using a universal testing machine equipped with a load cell. Cooked potato cylinders are compressed in a single-cycle compression-decompression test. Uniaxial compression is measured with an Instron machine with a lOON load cell. Measurements are performed on hot potato cylinders (depth 12 mm, height 10 mm) from 15 potatoes immediately after cooking, at a deformation rate of 20 mm/min. Stress and strain at fracture are calculated by the Instron series IX version 7.40 software and means of 15 repetitions are calculated. 

Pull tests were carried out using an Instron machine. The procedure used for determining the pull strength is given in a subsequent paper.(4) Pull tests were also performed in aqueous environments. After the curing step, the rods were immersed in boiling water for 2 h. The lower jaw of the Instron tensile tester was modified to perform pull tests in an aqueous medium. 

The flexural strengths (three-point method) of these two unidirectional HMS graphite fiber reinforced TSTR polyimide composites with or without post curing were measured with a universal Instron machine at room temperature and at 316°C. These results are shown in Table II. 

Tensile strength was measured on an Instron machine at a strain rate of 10 2/sec. Fracture surfaces were examined directly by reflected light using a Zeiss orthoplan microscope. 

Some specimens made with commercial silicates as a comparison sometimes gave strength values higher than 280 psi and were therefore tested in an Instron Machine. 

The polymers, whose characteristics are summarized in Table 1, were melt mixed in a Brabender-like apparatus at 200 C and at two residence times 6 min, at 2 r.p.m. and further 10 min. at 32 r.p.m. The blend compositions are listed in Table 2. After premixing, cylindrical specimens were obtained directly by extrusion using a melting-elastic miniextruder (CSI max mixing extruder mod. CS-194), Thermal and tensile mechanical tests were performed on these specimens by an Instron Machine (mod. 1122) at room temperature and at cross-head speed of 10 mm/min. Also made were morphological studies by optical microscopy of sections microtomed from tensile samples and scanning electron microscopy of fractured surfaces of samples broken at liquid nitrogen temperature. Further details on the experimental procedures and on the techniques used are reported elsewhere . 

Samples were tested at room temperature in an Instron machine. Strain rates of 0.02%/sec were used initially, increasing to as high as 0.2%/sec for extended ductility. Strains up to 5% were measured with a clip-on strain gauge. Larger strains were determined by reassembling the broken pieces after failure. 

The Al-stabilized, 0.91-mm wire containing 121 NbTi filaments was tensile-tested in an Instron machine with a clip-on extensometer. The crosshead speeds were 8 nm/sec until the 0.2% yield strength and 40 nm/sec until wire fracture. The mechanical properties are compared in Table I with those of a Cu-stabilized superconductor tested in a similar manner. Although the yield stress and ultimate strength of the A1 conductor were lower than those of the Cu conductor, the A1 content may not have been causing the weakness. The lower proportion of NbTi in... 

Specimens were strained in a push-pull mode by an Instron machine, Model TF-DM, which has cross head speeds from 0.05 to 0,5 cm/min and a load capability up to 10" kg. Details of the apparatus for the mechanical and electrical tests are reported elsewhere Only a brief description of the electrical portion is given here. The resistivity was measured by the typical four-probe dc method. A set of voltage leads were soft-soldered across the gauge length of the specimen surface. 

KWO] Chaipy impact testing, mechanical tests (on the Instron machine) Tempered martensite embrittlement (TME), impact toughness, ultimate tensile strength... 

Instron tester Instron testers measure the flexural, tensile, and compressive strength of plastics as well as the stress-strain curves at ambient temperatures. They are commonly found in most materials testing laboratories. Instron testers come in a range of sizes (generally related to the maximum tensile pull that can be exerted) and types. They are manufactured by the Instron Machine Company. 

An illustration of slip lines in MgO (having a rocksalt structure is shown in Fig. 4.23. The specimens cleaved along the 100 planes were tested at RT under compression along (100) with an Instron machine using a deformation speed of 0.06 mm/min. The deformation results appear in Fig. 4.24. 

In practice, only in very few cases do materials work in tensile mode more often they are subjected to flexure or impact. On the other hand, fiber-reinforced composites are usually applied as laminates with different orientation and alignment of the fibrous reinforcement. That is why the CPC laminates were used to study their flexural stiffness and impact resistance. The flexural tests were performed by the threopoint support test method used by Nunes et al, as shown in Figure 14.6 [74]. The support was mounted in the same Instron machine used for the tensile tests, this time operating in compression mode. Rectangular samples (155 x 100 mm) were cut out from the CPC MFC plates and placed upon the sup-... 

Stress-strain curves have been determined by using an Instron machine at an elongational rate of 0.8 min . ... 

Uniaxial tensile strength can be measured in an Instron test machines equipped with a static load cell of suitable capacity (see Fig. 10.1). To measure the tensile properties of the membranes while immersed in a fluid, an assembly consisting of a testing chamber and tensile grips are fitted for the Instron machine. DMTA technique has the option of performing mechanical testing in immersed fluids. 

Tensile properties and peel adhesion were determined, using an Instron machine Model 1122 at room temperature. A crosshead speed of 5 cm/min and a gauge length of 3 cm were used to obtain the stress-strain curves. 

A picture of a supported beam-bending test in an Instron machine is shown in Fig. 1.6. 

Typical DSC scans ate presented in Figures 3 and 4. These show that an exothermic peak appears at 20 to 25"C above Tg. This value fits a Ti/Tg ratio of 1.2 to 1.25. The 990 and 9900 DuPont controllers with a 910 DSC cell were used. The 910 DSC cell has a disadvantage in that sample size is restricted. A fair degree of accuracy was attainable only with small samples (see Table II). As the amount of internal energy in the sample decreased the correlation between the internal energy measured on the Instron machine and that measured by DSC worsened considerably. 

Five wt% MWNT-filled polycarbonate composites (untreated and treated) were prepared through a solution method described elsewhere [23] and compression molded at 220°C under a pressure of 1 ton for 40 minutes to produce samples with a dog-bone geometry and dimensions W x W x Vi The samples were tensile stretched on an Instron machine in liquid nitrogen. This created a sharp fracture surface. Some samples were coated with gold and examined in a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) under 12 kV. 

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