Instron testing

Average of five deterniinations, using the Instron test at 5 cm /min. 

Oligomer and Film Characterization. Brookfield viscosity measurements were taken on a Model RVTD digital readout viscometer. Samples for Instron testing were prepared on glass plates using 25 or 75 pm (1.0 or 3.0 mil) Byrd film applicator. Coatings for cure speed and MEK double rub (MEKDR) studies were prepared on aluminum Q-Panels using a 40 wire wound rod (100 pm or 4.0 mil). 

Physical characterization of polymers is a common activity that research and development technologists at the Dow Chemical Company perform. A material property evaluation that is critical for most polymer systems is a tensile test. Many instruments such as an Instron test frame can perform a tensile test and, by using specialized software, can acquire and process data. Use of an extensometer eliminates calibration errors and allows the console to display strain and deformation in engineering units. Some common results from a tensile test are modulus, percent elongation, stress at break, and strain at yield. These data are then used to better understand the capabilities of the polymer system and in what end-use applications it may be used. 

The tensile properties of the films, both in the dry and wet state, were performed by a standard Instron testing machine Mod. 4204 at room temperature for wet samples, the tests were carried out in physiological solution. A strain rate of 0.1 min was used for all tests, following the ASTM D-638 protocol. 

PP bead foams of a range of densities were compressed using impact and creep loading in an Instron test machine. The stress-strain curves were analysed to determine the effective cell gas pressure as a function of time under load. Creep was controlled by the polymer linear viscoelastic response if the applied stress was low but, at stresses above the foam yield stress, the creep was more rapid until compressed cell gas took the majority of the load. Air was lost from the cells by diffusion through the cell faces, this creep mechanism being more rapid than in extruded foams, because of the small bead size and the open channels at the bead bonndaries. The foam permeability to air conld be related to the PP permeability and the foam density. 15 refs. 

The texture of the processed potato can also be measured by shearing using a single blade, 1 mm thick, attached to the crosshead of the Instron Testing Machine. The processed whole potato with its skin intact is placed on the steel platform of the Instron and sheared longitudinally to a depth of 25 mm at a cross-head speed of 50 mm/min. Maximum shear force (kN) is calculated from the plot of force against displacement. 

An Instron Testing System (Model 1122), fitted with a 10 cm six-wire grid (Ottawa Texture measuring system, OTMS cell) was used to determine rheological properties. A loading rate of 50 mm/min and a chart speed of 500 mm/min resulted in a well defined force-deformation curve. Force at the bioyield point and the area under the curve were calculated. These values were then converted into maximum stress, work and specific work values ... 

Mechanical (Instron testing) and dynamic mechanical (DMA) tests were also performed in some cases. 

Measurements. The morphology of the blends was studied by optical microscopy (Leitz Dialux Pol), transmission electron microscopy (Jeol 100 U), and scanning electron microscopy (Cambridge MK II). Ultramicrotome sections were made with an LKB Ultratome III. Samples for scanning electron microscopy were obtained by fracturing sheets at low temperature. The fracture surfaces were etched with a 30% potassium hydroxide solution to hydrolyse the polycarbonate phase. Stress-relaxation and tensile stress-strain experiments were performed with an Instron testing machine equipped with a thermostatic chamber. Relaxation measurements were carried out in flexion (E > 108 dyn/cm2) or in traction (E < 108 dyn/cm2). Prior to each experiment, the samples were annealed to obtain volumetric equilibrium. 

Following a minimum aging period of 48 hr, specimens were cut so that the fibers were parallel to the long or tensile axis. Conventional 1.5-inch dogbone tensile specimens (1 inch gage length) were tested at 0.2 inch/min on an Instron testing machine. 

Stiff linkage and device type grips were fabricated and connected in an Instron testing machine. For each test, the... 

The authors would like to thank DeSoto for the opportunity to publish this research. We also wish to acknowledge the Physical Testing Department for performing the Instron testing. 

The equipment used consisted of two plates mounted on an Instron testing machine, with gasket deflection measured by an extensometer driven by an appropriate linkage. For cryogenic testing, the entire fixture was immersed in liquid nitrogen. A number of modulus values for various materials are shown in Table II. Note the excellent values obtained for the fluorocarbon polymer-112 glass laminate. 

Scaffolds composed of 13-93 and 13-93B3 alone with a cubic shape (6 mm x 6 mm x 6 mm) and composite scaffolds composed of 13-93 and 13-93B3 glass with a cyUndiical shape (8 mm in diameter x 6 mm) were tested in an Instron testing machine (Model 4881 Instron, Norwood,... 

Figure 17.15 Different methods for determining modulus with an Instron test machine.

Since softening is inherently subjective because human sensory perception is involved, no instrumental method has been identified to date as the perfect one to quantitatively relate human perception of softening to instrumental data. The Kawabata method measures the mechanical properties of fabrics [2], These properties are used to quantify the effects of fabric softeners. Softening is associated with lubrication, flexural rigidity, and compressibility of whole fabrics. Fabric lubricity is related to fabric friction, which can be measured by Instron tests. 

Mechanical properties are the parameters used to measure the forces able to deform the natural rubber blended materials such as elongation, compression, twist and breakage as a function of an applied load, time, temperature or other conditions by testing materials. Results of these tests depend on the size and shape of the specimens of the tested materials. Generally, the specimens are cut into a specific shape and their mechanical properties tested with an accurate load cell capacity and crosshead speed by a tensile machine such as an Instron testing machine or universal testing machine until they deform. ... 

The specimens were sawn out of large slabs after hardening of the concrete and were stored in constant laboratory conditions of +18 1 °C and 90 2% RH. After two years curing, the specimens were notched and subjected to four-point bending in an Instron testing machine with the head displacements control. Load, central deflection and crack opening displacement (COD) were measured and recorded to calculate the characteristics of the cracking process. 

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