Information from

Information from an n.m.r. spectrum is classified into the chemical shift, <5 (the relative shift from a standard [Me Si for H, CC13F for which is rendered independent of the field), and the coupling constants, J, which are determined directly from the spectra. 

PARCH reads update information from formatted cards, or other input file containing card images. Input having existing component indices replace old data with those indices. Otherwise the new component data is added to the library, with the restriction that the total number of components is always less than or equal to 100. 

Extraction of useful information from Ascan signals 

Remade F and Levine R D 1993 Time domain information from resonant Raman excitation profiles a direct inversion by maximum entropy J. Chem. Phys. 99 4908-25 

Structure elucidation systems that utilized information from several spectroscopic techniques were initiated in the late 1960s at Toyohashi, Japan, and at the University of Arizona. 

The construction of a project cashflow requires information from a number of different sources. The principal inputs are typically - 

As discussed at the beginning of this section, the value of information from appraisal is the difference between the outcome of the decision with the information and the outcome of the decision without the information. 

Heuberger M, Luengo G and israeiachviii J N 1997 Topographic information from muitipie beam interferometry in the surface forces apparatus Langmuir 3839-48 

The generalized Prony analysis can extract a great variety of information from the ENDyne dynamics, such as the vibrational energy vib arrd the frequency for each normal mode. The classical quantum connection is then made via coherent states, such that, say, each nomral vibrational mode is represented by an evolving state 

Introduction Difficulties in Extracting Scientific Environmental Information from the Internet 

This does not have to be so Why not build an uninterrupted stream of information from the producer (the bench chemist) to the consumer (the reader of a journal or book, or the scientist that puts a query into a database) It is quite clear that the producers of information knows best what experiments were done, what observations were made, what results have been obtained. They should put this information into electronic laboratory books, augmented with spectral data (that they can obtain directly from the analytical laboratory). From this electronic repository aU other information sources -manuscripts, journals, books, databases - could be filled, clearly sometimes by manual selection, but not by changing data  

Data mining provides methods for the extraction of implicit or hidden information from large data sets, and comprises procedures for the generation of reasonable and dependable secondary information. 

This is the domain of structure elucidation, which, for most part, utilizes information from a battery of spectra (infrared, NMR, and mass spectra). 

Chemical data contain information about various characteristics of chemical compounds and a wide spectrum of methods are applied to extract the relevant information from the data sets. Data analysis, however, not only deals with the extraction of primary information from data but also with the generation of secondary 

EVA descriptors were proposed by Ferguson et al. [Ah, 47]. The EVA descriptor (EigenVAlue) extracts structural information from infrared spectra. The eigenva- 

Data mining in chemistry focuses on the extraction and evaluation of information in chemical data sets. In contrast to other fields of data mining applications, chemical data mining does not confine itself to conventional database queries but rather generates new information from the data. 

Chemometrics is the discipline which deals wdth the application of statistical and, in a more general sense, of mathematical methods to chemical data. Chemometric methods are used for the extraction of chemical information from chemical data. 

The DENDRAL project initiated in 1964 at Stanford was the prototypical application of artificial intelligence techniques - or what was understood at that time under this name - to chemical problems. Chemical structure generators were developed and information from mass spectra was used to prune the chemical graphs in order to derive the chemical structure associated with a certain mass spectrum. 

Monographs, reference books, and encyclopedias, e.g., Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, or the Encyclopedia of Computational Chemistry are included in this type of literature, which is furthest from the primary literature as concerns time and content. In most cases, tertiary literature summarizes a topic with information from different sources, and additionally evaluates the contents. 

Introduction and Commercial Application JUe objective of performing appraisal activities on discovered accumulations is to reduce the uncertainty in the description of the hydrocarbon reservoir, and to provide information with which to make a decision on the next action. The next action may be, for example, to undertake more appraisal, to commence development, to stop activities, or to sell the prospect. In any case, the appraisal activity should lead to a decision which yields a greater value than the outcome of a decision made in the absence of the information from the appraisal. The improvement in the value of the action, given the appraisal information, should be greater than the cost of the appraisal activities, otherwise the appraisal effort is not worthwhile. 

---