Analytical Information Obtained from the Environment

A large number of archaeological artifacts are found in burial conditions. Water acting as a solvent, as well as a carrier of ionic species coming from the soil, is responsible for the migration of the latter—the acid/alkaline attack on the object material and further lixiviation of materials and ionic species from the object. Thus, determination of physical and chemical properties of the soil (pH, conductivity, chemical composition, etc.) is of great importance. 

Finally, underwater and waterlogged environments require a complete chemical analysis of the water (pH, content of ionic species, etc.), as well as the determination of its physical properties (temperature, density, conductivity). 

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