Information derivable from reactive systems

These examples show clearly that there is no such thing as the ideal photophore . Due to the differences in reaction site preferences and the nature of the reactive intermediates of each individual moiety, the optimal photophore type needed differs from system to system. In most cases, it can be worthwhile to spend some time on the optimization of the used photophore in a certain A/BP in order to obtain the best results. In addition, interesting information can be obtained when the results derived from different photophores are combined [34],... 

Nelson and Hale [43] published the first DR spectra of AEO powders. They showed that highly dispersed systems have UV optical absorption bands that are not present in the spectra of pure single crystals, which are conversely characterized by an extremely low specific surface area, and hence an almost negligible contribution from surface states. Additional evidence was obtained in the following years [44, 45], and a comprehensive analysis of such bands has been reported by Garrone et al. [46], The results of this work are an effective example of the wide set of fundamental information which can be derived from the spectroscopic data on the nature of optical transitions, structure and reactivity (and their inter-relationships) of surface sites. 

Furthermore, the recognition of variations across the different scales of spatial and temporal dimensions would enable the identification of shifting therapeutic targets to address both of the individual and the time variances in personalized medicine (see Fig. 1). Accurate and robust biomarkers can also be useful for the stratification of diseases and classification of patient subgroups for more effective prevention and therapy. The prediction of drug responses would in turn help avoid adverse events for better clinical outcomes. In addition, the construction of dynamic disease predictive networks derived from the analyses of omics data would allow for the transition from reactive treatments to holistic and proactive care. With the transformation from disease-centered to human-based care, the systems and dynamical models would provide patient-centric information to enhance the participation of individuals, the goal of participatory medicine. 

Experimental evidence on excitation transfer derives from different sources. In strongly and weakly coupled systems most of the information has been obtained from absorption spectra and is, thus, rather on the delocalization of excitation. In weakly coupled systems the direct observation of actual excitation transfer is the only source. Depending on the nature of excited states involved, different effects are to be used here, such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, electron-spin resonance and even chemical reactivity. 

---