Industrial in Japan

Nitric acid oxidation is used where carbohydrates, ethylene glycol, and propylene are the starting materials. The diaLkyl oxalate process is the newest, where diaLkyl oxalate is synthesized from carbon monoxide and alcohol, then hydrolyzed to oxahc acid. This process has been developed by UBE Industries in Japan as a CO coupling technology in the course of exploring C-1 chemistry. 

Modem Plastics Encyclopedia, McGraw-HiU Book Co., Inc., New York, pubHshed annually S. Davies, The Man-Made Fibre Industry in Western Europe, Spec. Rept. 1107, The Economist PubHcations Ltd., London 1987 S. Davies, The Man-Made Fibre Industry in Japan, Spec. Rept. 1174, The Economist PubHcations Ltd., London 1989. 

A.sahi Chemical EHD Processes. In the late 1960s, Asahi Chemical Industries in Japan developed an alternative electrolyte system for the electroreductive coupling of acrylonitrile. The catholyte in the Asahi divided cell process consisted of an emulsion of acrylonitrile and electrolysis products in a 10% aqueous solution of tetraethyl ammonium sulfate. The concentration of acrylonitrile in the aqueous phase for the original Monsanto process was 15—20 wt %, but the Asahi process uses only about 2 wt %. Asahi claims simpler separation and purification of the adiponitrile from the catholyte. A cation-exchange membrane is employed with dilute sulfuric acid in the anode compartment. The cathode is lead containing 6% antimony, and the anode is the same alloy but also contains 0.7% silver (45). The current efficiency is of 88—89%, with an adiponitrile selectivity of 91%. This process, started by Asahi in 1971, at Nobeoka City, Japan, is also operated by the RhcJ)ne Poulenc subsidiary, Rhodia, in Bra2il under Hcense from Asahi. 

The partial arene derivative hydrogenation into cyclohexene or cyclohexa-diene as intermediates is also investigated. The process developed by Asahi Chemical Industry in Japan is an example of the selective formation of cyclohexene [6]. In the future, this reaction could be an active area of research due to the potential of the intermediate in organic synthesis. 

The hydrodimerization of butadiene and water (Eqn. (16)), a variant of telomerization, is carried out industrially in Japan. 

The Petroleum Energy Center (PEC) was founded in May 1986. PEC was established to promote comprehensive programs for deep renovations and to contribute to the viability of the petroleum industry in Japan. 

The process developed by Asahi Chemical Industry in Japan [110], and performed in a tetraphasic system combining gas, oil, water and ruthenium particles with an average diameter of 20 nm, is a significant milestone in this area. The selectivity is very high and a yield of 60% in cyclohexene is obtained with this bulk ruthenium catalyst in the presence of zinc as co-catalyst at 150 °C and under 50.4 bar of H2. The cyclohexene produced by this process is used as a feedstock for caprolactam. 

One of the founders of applied chemistry and faculty of engineering of Japan. President of Tokyo Gas Company. President of Chemical Society of Japan and Japan Society for Applied Chemistry Study of applied chemistry. Originator for the production of soda industry in Japan and the development of other chemical industries... 

State tobacco monopoUes are still common—China has the largest but the state is still Involved In the Industry In Japan, Korea, Egypt, Turkey, Austria and so forth. 

Daicel Chemical Industries in Japan patented a promising phosgene-free process involving the reaction of an aliphatic diamine with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to produce carbamate esters, which are then thermally converted to the corresponding aliphatic diisocyanates [38] (Scheme 5.4). It is noteworthy that this process could be a total phosgene-free process since the reactant, DMC, can be made directly from methanol and carbon dioxide (or urea) and eliminates the use of phosgene [39]. 

Toto industries, in Japan, manufacture micro-tubular SOFCs that are 15 cm long. The operating temperature is around 500°C. Start up time at room temperature is possible in 5 minutes. These systems are well suited to provide power in the small range size. The electrical efficiency is around 55% (Saito et al., 2005). 

Sung Jae Koh, Stages of Industrial Development in Asia a Comparative History of the Cotton Industry in Japan, India, China, and Korea, Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996, pp. 88-90, 190-200. 

The C02 emission of the iron and steel industry accounts for about 40% of C02 emitted from the entire manufacturing industry in Japan, and the cutback of this emission has become an important issue. In the iron/steel industry, the largest emission comes from the cokes used in the reducing furnaces of iron ore. 

The Japanese government is also going to put some money into the program, but they will be in a minority position. I think it is quite significant that the private industry in Japan came up with 20 million. In addition, Rural Coal has joined our project at the 5 million level. 

Taniguchi, H. 2004. Carabohydrate research and industry in Japan and the Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience Starch, 56,1-5. 

The first mio ofiber (polyester) is invented by Toray Industries in Japan. The first fabric comprised of microfibers. Ultrasuede, is also introduced The liquid crystal display (LCD) is invented by James Fergason The first single chip microprocessor, Intel 4004, is introduced The video cassette recorder (VCR) is invented by Charles Ginsburg Hydrogels are synthesized... 

Tatsundo Kitamura He is Research and Analysis/Manager of the Japan Reinforced Plastics Society (JRPS) which handles every affairs to promote development of RP/ Composites Industry in Japan. Received a BA degree from Waseda University in 1960. He started to serve for the JRPS since 1977 and consistently engaged in Research Development works for the Industry. Also preside FRP Forum, Inc./a consulting office for R D on RP/ Composites. 

Since the 1950s, the automotive industry in Japan has prodigiously been developed, and the amount of used vehicle tires has outstandingly been increased. The disposal of the used vehicle tires became a big social problem in the 1970s, and various techniques have been developed for the disposal and recycling of the vehicle tires till now. One of such techniques is the application of the powdered rubber made of the used vehicle tires to the construction industry. 

So far, EUREKA pitch is mainly consumed as an alternative of coking coal for steel industry in Japan. Most of EUREKA pitch produced in Sodegaura(Fuji Oil Company, Japan) and NanjingfP. R. China) refinery are exported to Japanese steel industry. It is approximately 370,000 ton/year (70% of total production). The production of cokes blended with the EUREKA pitch from Sodegaura refinery is accumulated to 70 million ton to date. 

The vectors of the disease are SimuUum spp. and other arthropods. The important parasites are L. smithi (turkeys), L. caulleryi (chicken) and L. simondi (geese and ducks) which cause high rates of mortality in infected birds. This results in significant economic losses in poultry industry in Japan and other parts of Southeast Asia [6]. 

This classification is quoted from Guidelinefor Industrial Application of Recombinant DNA Technology which has been published by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in Japan. This guideline can be applied... 

---