Modem Plastics

Plastic. Modem plastic simulants are sometimes called faux ivory . Plastic has been used to simulate ivory for almost 100 years, indeed the early plastics such as casein and cellulose nitrate were some of... 

Kaplan W, ed. 1998. Trade names and designations of plasticizers. Modem Plastics Encyclopedia 1999. 75(12) clll,cll5. 

Shashoua, Y. and Ward, C. (1995). Plastics modem resins with ageing problems. In Preprints of Resins, Ancient and Modem Aberdeen, September 1995 (M. M. Wright and J. H. Townsend, eds) pp. 33-37, SSCR, Edinburgh. 

Chenying Ma. Whisker material and its application to plastics. Modem Plastics Processing and Applications, 9(2) 60-64, 1996. 

A modem use of uranine is in the manufacture of fluorescent laminates, eg, sheets, glass, and plastic films, that are transparent to electromagnetic waves and visible light rays (45). Such material might be used in windows, viewing partitions, and optical lenses. 

The largest market for elastomer-based adhesives is that of lamination (see Laminates). Modem office furniture having Formica as a surfacing material is made with an elastomer-based adhesive. Tile adhesives for ceramic or carpet tile are also elastomer-based and usually solvent appHed. Paper adhesives and shoe manufacture also use substantial quantities of mbber-based materials. Solvent-weld adhesives are used to join plastic plumbing and to repair vinyl sheeting. 

In modem industrial practice, compositions often contain pigments, reinforcements, rheological modifiers, surfactants, and other materials in addition to fillers. These materials can function synergisticaHy in the system. Hence, more complex models are needed to predict the optimal filler loading. ExceUent discussions of filler loading and selection in plastics are given (9,10). 

Modem Plastics Emyclopedia, McGraw-HiU Book Co., Inc., New York pubHshed annually in November. 

The transport of phthalates by road tankers and ships within Europe is carried out by international companies with sophisticated tank cleaning facihties. Wash waters from these modem faciUties are passed through a series of separators to remove any residual plasticizer which is then incinerated. It is estimated that, as a result of cleaning and spillages, the maximum emission to the environment is 80 t/yr. 

Emissions During Disposal and Incineration. The increasing use of modem incinerators to dispose of domestic waste results in complete combustion of plasticizers to carbon dioxide and water. The preponderance of plasticizer going into landfiUs is as plasticized PVC. Once a landfiU has been capped anaerobic conditions prevail and it is biologically relatively inactive. Under these conditions the main route by which organic components are removed from the landfiU contents is by ingress of water, extraction, and subsequent loss of water from the site to the environment. 

Further information on extmder operation and plastic processing is available (15,18—25). Technology updates and equipment options for specific processing steps are provided annually in pubHcations such as the P/astics Compounding Kedbook and in Modem Plastics Pngclopedia. 

Modem furniture pohshes are designed for a wide variety of surfaces, eg, plastics, metals, and synthetic and natural resin coatings. Furniture pohshes impart shine and provide protection from abrasion, marring, and spills. The formulations clean weU in many cases. In common with most other pohshes, furniture pohshes are characterized by ease and speed of apphcation and of buffing, and by either the absence of objectionable odors or the addition of pleasing ones. 

Modem Plastics Encyclopedia, McGraw-HiU Book Co., Inc., New York, pubHshed annually S. Davies, The Man-Made Fibre Industry in Western Europe, Spec. Rept. 1107, The Economist PubHcations Ltd., London 1987 S. Davies, The Man-Made Fibre Industry in Japan, Spec. Rept. 1174, The Economist PubHcations Ltd., London 1989. 

Many more suppHers and information about their product line can be obtained from compilations such as the Modem Plastics Pmyclopedia (1) and the Thomas Register of Mmerican Manufacturers (2). The choice of a release agent depends on the process conditions involved and the nature of the contacting substrates (3). Apart from the obvious ease of release, other important requirements are minimal buildup of residues on mold substrate, minimal effect on the molded article, adequate film-forming abiHty, compatibiHty with secondary operations and other processing parameters, health and safety requirements, and cost. 

Organic Peroxides" and "Eree Radical Initiators," Modem PLastics EnjcLopedia, Vol. 62 (13), McGraw-HiU, Book Co., Inc., New York, 1985, p. 166. 

S. R. Gerteisen, Modem Plastics Enjclopedia, McGraw-HiU, New York, 1988. 

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