Tetraethyl ammonium

Methyl chlorocarbonate Formic acid, chloro-, methyl ester (8) Carbonochloridlc acid, methyl ester (9) (79-22-1) letraethylammonlum p-toluenesulfonate Ammonium, tetraethyl-, p-toluenesulfonate (8) Ethanammium, N,N,N-triethyl-, salt with 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (1 1) (9) (733-44-8)... 

Tetraethylammoniurn bromide Ammonium, tetraethyl-, bromide (8) Ethanaminium, N,N,N-triethyl-, bromide (9) (71-91-0)... 

Mn2N06S3C32H33, Ammonium, tetraethyl-tris( jL-benzenethiolato)hexacaTbonyl-dimanganate(I), 25 118 Mn20gS2C2oHia, Manganese(I), bis(p.-ben-zenethiolato)octacarbonyldi-, 25 116 Mn3Ca20g, Calcium manganese oxide,... 

Mn2NS3C32H3s, Ammonium, tetraethyl-tris( jL-benzenethioIato)hexacarbonyIdi-manganate(I), 25 118... 

SjV, Vanadium disulfide, 24 201 S3Cl2CsH,t, Ethane l,l -[thiobis(2,l-ethane-diylthio)]bis[2-chloro-, 25 124 S3Mn2NOjC32H35, Ammonium, tetraethyl-tris()i.-benzenethiolato)hexacarbonyl-dimanganate(I), 25 118 S3N2O, Nitrogen sulfur oxide, 25 52... 

Iron hahdes react with haHde salts to afford anionic haHde complexes. Because kon(III) is a hard acid, the complexes that it forms are most stable with F and decrease ki both coordination number and stabiHty with heavier haHdes. No stable F complexes are known. [FeF (H20)] is the predominant kon fluoride species ki aqueous solution. The [FeF ] ion can be prepared ki fused salts. Whereas six-coordinate [FeCy is known, four-coordinate complexes are favored for chloride. Salts of tetrahedral [FeCfy] can be isolated if large cations such as tetraphenfyarsonium or tetra alkylammonium are used. [FeBrJ is known but is thermally unstable and disproportionates to kon(II) and bromine. Complex anions of kon(II) hahdes are less common. [FeCfy] has been obtained from FeCfy by reaction with alkaH metal chlorides ki the melt or with tetraethyl ammonium chloride ki deoxygenated ethanol. 

The reaction of toluene-3,4-dithiol(3,4-dimercaptotoluene) and antimony trichloride ia acetone yields a yeUow soHd Sb2(tdt)2, where tdt is the toluene-3,4-dithiolate anionic ligand (51). With the disodium salt of maleonitnledithiol ((Z)-dimercapto-2-butenedinitrile), antimony trichloride gives the complex ion [Sb(mnt)2] , where mat is the maleonitnledithiolate anionic ligand. This complex has been isolated as a yeUow, crystalline, tetraethyl ammonium salt. The stmctures of these antimony dithiolate complexes have apparendy not been unambiguously determiaed. 

Reaction of ethyl chloride with an alcohoHc solution of ammonia yields ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and tetraethyl ammonium chloride (10,11) (see Amines, lower aliphatic). 

Dehalogenation of monochlorotoluenes can be readily effected with hydrogen and noble metal catalysts (34). Conversion of -chlorotoluene to Ncyanotoluene is accompHshed by reaction with tetraethyl ammonium cyanide and zero-valent Group (VIII) metal complexes, such as those of nickel or palladium (35). The reaction proceeds by initial oxidative addition of the aryl haHde to the zerovalent metal complex, followed by attack of cyanide ion on the metal and reductive elimination of the aryl cyanide. Methylstyrene is prepared from -chlorotoluene by a vinylation reaction using ethylene as the reagent and a catalyst derived from zinc, a triarylphosphine, and a nickel salt (36). 

A.sahi Chemical EHD Processes. In the late 1960s, Asahi Chemical Industries in Japan developed an alternative electrolyte system for the electroreductive coupling of acrylonitrile. The catholyte in the Asahi divided cell process consisted of an emulsion of acrylonitrile and electrolysis products in a 10% aqueous solution of tetraethyl ammonium sulfate. The concentration of acrylonitrile in the aqueous phase for the original Monsanto process was 15—20 wt %, but the Asahi process uses only about 2 wt %. Asahi claims simpler separation and purification of the adiponitrile from the catholyte. A cation-exchange membrane is employed with dilute sulfuric acid in the anode compartment. The cathode is lead containing 6% antimony, and the anode is the same alloy but also contains 0.7% silver (45). The current efficiency is of 88—89%, with an adiponitrile selectivity of 91%. This process, started by Asahi in 1971, at Nobeoka City, Japan, is also operated by the RhcJ)ne Poulenc subsidiary, Rhodia, in Bra2il under Hcense from Asahi. 

The polarographic determination of metal ions such as Al3 + which are readily hydrolysed can present problems in aqueous solution, but these can often be overcome by the use of non-aqueous solvents. Typical non-aqueous solvents, with appropriate supporting electrolytes shown in parentheses, include acetic acid (CH3C02Na), acetonitrile (LiC104), dimethylformamide (tetrabutyl-ammonium perchlorate), methanol (KCN or KOH), and pyridine (tetraethyl-ammonium perchlorate), In these media a platinum micro-electrode is employed in place of the dropping mercury electrode. 

Somljo Some of you may remember that there was an old-fashioned drug called TEA (tetraethyl ammonium chloride). When this was applied to smooth muscle that normally didn t generate action potentials, it caused beautiful action potentials and rhythmic contractions. I don t think this was physiological. 

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