Macrophage culture

Robinson AV. 1982. Effect of in vitro exposure to hydrogen sulfide on rabbit alveolar macrophages cultured on gas-permeable membranes. Environ Res 27 491-500. 

Pulmonary macrophages cultured in vitro for 20 h with media containing 14.5-58.0 mg Ni/kg as nickel chloride Concentration-dependent decrease in viability of alveolar macrophages highest dose had survival of <50%. Death associated with release of superoxide anions 11... 

Several other cell types have also been shown to secrete histamine-releasing activity, some of which may be peptide in nature (although more work is necessary for a definitive characterization). For example, human lung macrophages cultured for 24 h have been shown to release a soluble factor (12 and 30 kDa) that stimulates isolated human lung mast cells and human basophils to release histamine [ 145]. The generation and release of this factor developed over time (> 1 h) and was blocked by cycloheximide, indicating that protein... 

Pulmonary macrophages cultured in vitro for 20 h with media containing 14.5-58.0 mg Ni/kg as nickel chloride... 

In studies on rabbit alveolar macrophage cultures, Waters and coworkers (133) presented data suggesting that vanadium oxides may adversely affect pulmonary defense. The cytotoxicity of the oxides studied were directly related to their solubility, i.e., V2O5 > V203 > V02. Ambient vanadium concentrations in urban regions have been reported to correlate with mortality incidence from bronchitis and pneumonia, especially in males (134). Likewise, industrial exposure to airborne manganese has been shown to correlate with increased incidence of bronchitis, caused in part by increased susceptibility to infection (135). 

Pratten, M. K., and Lloyd, J. B. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis The effect of size of a particulate substrate on its mode of capture by rat peritoneal macrophages cultured in vitro. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 881 307-313, 1986. 

Phorbol esters are tumor promoters capable of binding to and activating protein kinase C (PKC), one critical component in T cell activation.55,56 PMA is a structural analogue of diacylglycerol (DAG), an allosteric activator of PKC. PKC activation via phosphorylation leads to calcium release, resulting in a cascade of cellular responses including rapid proliferation.56 Experimentally, phorbol esters have been used as chemoattractants and to differentiate nonadherent monocytes to adherent macrophage cultures.55,57-60... 

A promising recent approach for understanding the biologic effects of biomaterials is the use of modern proteomics approaches. Such techniques have been used for the purpose of measuring protein expression profiles of macrophages (cultured on different biomaterials) to learn more about biocompatibility. Proteomics techniques were able to demonstrate that different types of polyurethane materials led to different intracellular and structural protein expression profiles.73... 

Szebeni J, Wahl SM, Betageri GV, et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 in monocyte macrophage cultures by 2, 3 -dideoxycytidine-5 triphosphate, free and in liposomes. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1990 6 691-702. 

Arata S, Klein TW, Newton C, Friedman H (1991) Tetrahydrocannabinol treatment suppresses growth restriction of Legionella pneumophila in murine macrophage cultures. Life Sci 49 473-479... 

Schultz eT"al. (21, 22) found that macrophages of DIVEMA-treated mice iFFibited tumour cell proliferation in vitro this means that DIVEMA activates macrophages. The authors did not find cytotoxic factors in the supernatant of these macrophage cultures. 

Figure I. Test system for measuring cytotoxicity in the supernatant of macrophage cultures.

The root of the Bupleurum species has been used in China as a traditional remedy for inflammatory diseases [20]. The main constituents of this drug are oligoglycosides of oleanane triterpenes called saikosaponin a-f. Saikosaponins cause a reduction in histamine secretion and enhance the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids [22]. Some of them have been shown to inhibit prostaglandin E2 production in the macrophage culture system [23]. It has recently been reported that the saikosaponins present in Heteromorpha trifoliata, which are structurally related to those of Bupleurum falcatum (saiko in Japanese), have anti-inflammatory activity. One in vivo study concluded that the isolated saikosaponins act by a mechanism close to that of steroids, but do not involve the glucocorticoid receptor [24]. 

These same compounds above cited, showed antileishmanial activity in vitro against Leishmania donovani amastigotes in macrophages cultures in vivo using a hamster test system [34]. 

Leishmania promastigotes (parasites) have been treated at various FE-DBD plasma doses (see section 12.6.1) and separately human Macrophage cultures have been treated to... 

Arabinogalactan-containing proteins isolated from wild indigo increased proliferation of mouse spleen cells, IgM production of mouse lymphocytes, IL6 production in alveolar mouse macrophage cultures, and NO2 production in alveolar mouse macrophage cultures (Classen et al. 2006). 

Euthanize mice using a lethal dose of isofluorane and immediately remove femurs from hind legs using sterile dissection tools. It is important to remove and discard all the tissue around the bones to avoid further contamination of the macrophage culture with fibroblasts. Femurs can be kept in cold DMEM until further processing (not more than 1 h is preferable). 

Fig. 3 Cell spreading of RAW 264.7 macrophages cultured on polyacrylamide gel surfaces with varying stiffness. Differential interference contrast microscopy images (A) and con-focal images for actin staining (B) from RAW 264.7 macrophages on a less rigid (1.2 kPa) versus rigid (150 kPa) polyacrylamide gel coated with poly-L-lysine. Green color represents actin staining (phalloidin) with blue stained nuclei (Hoechst). Adapted from [39] with permission.

Rankin, J. A., Sylvester, 1., Smith, S., Yoshimura, T., and Leonard, E. J. (1990) Macrophages cultured in vitro release leukotriene B4 and neutrophil attractant/activation protein (Interleukin 8) sequentially in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and zymosan. 7. Clin. Invest. 86,1556-1564. 

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