In polymorphonuclear leukocyte

La Fleur, M., Beaulieu, A. D., Kreis, C., Poubelle, P. (1987). Fibronectin gene expression in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Biol. Chern. 262, 2111-15. 

Dogan, P., Soyuer, U., Tanrikulu, G. (1989). Superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and serum ceruloplasmin and copper levels, in psoriasis. Brit. J. Dermatol. 120,239-44. 

Calvano, S.E., Thompson, W.A., Marra, M.N., Coyle, S.M., de Riesthal, H.F., Trousdale, R.K., Barie, P.S., Scott, R.W., Moldawer, L.L., Lowry, S.F. Changes in polymorphonuclear leukocyte surface and plasma bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein during endotoxemia or sepsis. Arch Surg 129 (1994) 220-226. 

Herrmann F, Lindemann A, Gauss J, Mertelsmann R (1990) Cytokine-stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis from endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acids in polymorphonuclear leukocytes involving activation and new synthesis of cyclooxygenase. Eur J Immunol 20 2513-2516 Herschman HR (1996) Prostaglandin synthase 2. Biochim Bio-phys Acta 1299 125-140... 

In humans, age-related differences have been observed in metabolism of sulfite to sulfate and in formation of sulfur trioxide (Constantin et al. 1996). Constantin et al. (1996) measured sulfur trioxide radicals and sulfite oxidase activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from four groups young adults (average age 25), older adults (average age 65), 3 centenarians (older than 100), and Down syndrome patients. They found significantly increased amounts of sulfur trioxide radicals in PMNs from healthy adults who had low sulfite oxidase activity. In centenarians and Down syndrome patients, generation of the sulfur trioxide radical was the primary mechanism for detoxification of sulfite. There was no correlation between the sulfur trioxide radical and sulfite oxidase activity. 

An alternative source of the superoxide radical anion is leukocytic xanthine oxidase, acting in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of individuals with impairment of the NADPH oxidase system. Superoxide is one of the major metabolites produced in stimulated neutrophiles. Various estimations of Oj production yielded values ranging from 850 to 1350 p.mol/h/1010 cells (Bl, K16). 

Elferink JGR. 1989. Chrysotile asbestos-induced cytotoxicity and calcium-dependent exocytosis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 65 361-372. 

Perlingeiro RC, Queiroz ML. 1995. Measurement of the respiratory burst and chemotaxis in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from mercury-exposed workers. Human Exper Toxicol 14(3) 281-286. 

Microscopic examination of the sediment obtained from the centrifugation of a fresh urine sample wiU show the presence of a few cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and cells derived from the kidney and urinary tract), casts (composed predominantly of Tamm-HorsfaU glycoprotein [THG]), and possibly fat or pigmented particles. An increase in red cells or casts unplies hematuria, possibly caused by glomerular disease white cells or casts imply the presence of white cells in the tubules. Inflammation of the upper urinary tract may result in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and various types of casts, and in lower urinary tract inflammation the casts will not be present. In acute glomerulonephritis, hematuria may... 

A normochromic anemia may develop rapidly without evidence of GI blood loss, although intestinal bleeding may be contributory. Leukopenia may be reflective of a relative decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. WBC counts may range from 1200 to 20,000 cells/mm . As many as one-third of the patients have elevated levels of the liver enzymes glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in serum. About 80% of patients have positive blood cultures. Bacteremia persists in about a third of cases for several weeks if not treated. Intestinal perforation, intestinal hemorrhage, thrombophlebitis, toxemia with circulatory collapse, encephalopathy, and pneumonia all contribute to a fatality rate of 1 % to 2%. Without treatment, mortality may be 10%. ... 

RIO. Rossi, P., Romeo, D., and Patriarca, P., Mechanism of phagocytosis-associated oxidative metabolism in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. J. Reticuloen-doth. Soc. 12, 127-149 (1972). 

Riber U, Lind P. Interaction between Salmonella typhimurium and phagocytic cells in pigs phagocytosis, oxidative burst and killing in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999 67 259-70. 

Several conditions are associated with altered C2GnTl activity or expression. C2GnTl activity is increased specifically in the heart tissues of diabetic or hyperglycemic rats. An increase in C2GnTl expression in polymorphonuclear leukocytes was found in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The high C2GnTl activity may possibly promote leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and capillary occlusions. The mechanisms of these alterations remain to be shown. 

Koga, H. High-performance liquid chromatography measurement of antimicrobial concentrations in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother., 1987, 31, 1904-1908... 

Distribution Clindamycin is widely distributed in many fluids and tissues, including bone. Significant concentrations are not attained in CSF, but concentrations sufficient to treat cerebral toxoplasmosis are achieved. The drug readily crosses the placenta. Ninety percent or more of clindamycin is bound to plasma proteins. Clindamycin accumulates in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages and in abscesses. 

Vancurova I, Bellani P, Davidson D Activation of nuclear factor-KB and its suppression by dexamethasone in polymorphonuclear leukocytes Newborn versus adult. Pediatr Res 2001 49 257-262. 

Okada, K., Takano-Ohmuro, H., Obinata, T. and Abe, H. (1996). Dephosphorylation of cofiHn in polymorphonuclear leukocytes derived from peripheral blood. Exp. Cell Res. 227, 116-122. 

Omann G.M., Rengan, R., Hoffman, J.F. and Linderman, J.J. (1995). Rapid oscillations of actin polymerization/depolymerization in polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by leukotriene R4 and platelet-activating factor. ]. Immunol. 155, 5375-5381. 

Rengan, R. and Omann, G.M. (1999). Regulation of oscillations in filamentous actin content in polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 262, 479—486. 

Sullivan, S.J. and Zigmond, S.H. (1980). Chemotactic peptide receptor modulation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, y. Cell Biol. 88, 644-647. 

Valerius, N.H., Stendahl, O., Hartwig, J.H. and Stossel, TP. (1981). Distribution of actin-binding protein and myosin in polymorphonuclear leukocytes during locomotion and phagocytosis. Cell 24, 195-202. 

Ramesha, C.S. and Pickett, W.C. (1986). Platelet activating factor and leukotriene biosynthesis is inhibited in polymorphonuclear leukocytes depleted of arachidonic acid. J. Biol Chem., 261, 7592-7595... 

Gerna G. Human cytomegalovirus replicates abortively in polymorphonuclear leukocytes after transfer from infected endothelial cells via transient microfusion events. J Virol 2000 74(12) 5629-38. 

Garnett HM (1979) The early effects of human cytomegalovirus infection on macromolecular synthesis in human embryonic fibroblasts. Arch Virol 60 147 151 Gerna G, Percivalle E, Baldanti F. Sozzani S. Lanzarini P, Genini E, Lilleri D. Revello MG (2000) Human cytomegalovirus replicates abortively in polymorphonuclear leukocytes after transfer from infected endothelial cells via transient microfusion events. J Virol 74 5629 5638 Goh C-S, Bogan AA, Joachimiak M. Walther D. Cohen FE (2000) Co-evolution of proteins with their interaction partners. J Mol Biol 299 283 293... 

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