Intestine bleeding

Symptoms of intoxication in humans caused by accidental ingestion of Kou-Wen plants have been described as follows. The effect on the digestive system starts with loss of appetite and turn of the stomach, and continues to severe abdominal pain and intestinal bleeding. The effect on the respiratory system presents as breathing difficulties which finally lead to death by respiratory failure. The effect on muscle innervation usually results in generalized muscular weakness and paralysis of the limbs. The effect on the circulatory system starts with heartbeat disorders and a drop in blood pressure, but heart failure is not a common cause of death. In addition to dilation of pupils, a drop in body temperature and proliferation of white blood cells have also been obseryed (70). 

Gastro intestinal bleeding, acute pancreatitis, a toxic confusional state, and acute hepatistis/hepatic failure are each possible results of a very heavy drinking binge . Heredity appears to play a major role in the contraction of alcoholism, with recent discoveries of genes that influence vulnerability to this disorder. 

Cirsium chinense Gardn. et Champ. C. japonicum DC Chinese Ji Da Ji (Thistle) (leaf, stem) Alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, taraxsteryl acetate, inulin, labenzyme, pcctolinarin.50 60 Hemostat, diuretic, treat intestinal bleeding caused by ulcers, externally for abscesses and scabies. 

Cotyledon fimbriatum Turcz. C. malacophylla Pall. Zuo Yie He Cao (whole plant)50 No information is available in the literature. Treat tumors, for dysentery, hemostatic, stop intestinal bleeding. 

Fulminant liver failure results from massive necrosis of liver tissue. Diminution of mental function results, and this often leads to coma. The body undergoes a buildup of toxic products, alteration of its acid balance, and a decrease in cerebral blood flow. Impaired blood coagulation and intestinal bleeding occur as well. Other malfunctions and diseases of the liver include viral infections and alcoholic hepatitis. In 1999, of the 14,707 individuals on a waiting list for transplants, 4,498 received transplants and 1,709 died while waiting. As of February 2002, 18,434 people awaited liver transplants. 

Fulminant liver failure results from massive necrosis of liver tissue with a concurrent buildup in toxic products, disruption of acid balance, and a decrease in cerebral blood flow. Impaired blood coagulation and intestinal bleeding result. The main physiological effect is diminution of mental function that often leads to coma. 

Unlike aspirin, acetaminophen does not alter the body s blood-clotting abilities and therefore does not have aspirin s potential benefits in reducing heart attacks and strokes. On the other hand, acetaminophen does not have the toxic side effects of aspirin such as intestinal bleeding and stomach ulcers. However, like most OTC drugs, acetaminophen is metabolized by the liver, and when taken repeatedly in amounts that exceed the recommended dosage, it can cause liver damage. 

Lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage shows a frequency of 10-15% some 3-5% develop in the small bowel. Intestinal bleeding as a result of liver disease is rare. The initial problem consists in the fact that (7.) numerous and different causes of bleeding must be clarified by differential diagnosis and (2.) severe blood loss together with a concurrent liver disease is always particularly hazardous. 

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to liver disease is very rare. The sources of bleeding develop in the course of portal hypertension. Intestinal erosions constitute the predominant mucosal changes in portal hypertensive vasculopathy in the gastrointestinal tract. They are usually responsible for the frequency of occult intestinal bleeding in cirrhosis patients. (232, 245)... 

A 71-year-old woman taking a stable dose of warfarin and cimetidine was treated with terbinafine, and 32 days later developed profuse intestinal bleeding associated with a prothrombin time of 120 seconds, suggestive of an interaction between warfarin and terbinafine, either directly or through the mediation of cimetidine (which can reduce terbinafine clearance by 33%) (74). 

Dixon MF, Cowen DM, Cooper H. 1975. Chronic hepatotoxicity and intestinal bleeding in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis in rats and mice. Biomedicine 23 247-252. 

A normochromic anemia may develop rapidly without evidence of GI blood loss, although intestinal bleeding may be contributory. Leukopenia may be reflective of a relative decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. WBC counts may range from 1200 to 20,000 cells/mm . As many as one-third of the patients have elevated levels of the liver enzymes glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in serum. About 80% of patients have positive blood cultures. Bacteremia persists in about a third of cases for several weeks if not treated. Intestinal perforation, intestinal hemorrhage, thrombophlebitis, toxemia with circulatory collapse, encephalopathy, and pneumonia all contribute to a fatality rate of 1 % to 2%. Without treatment, mortality may be 10%. ... 

May contain rests of ectopic gastric mucosa and present with intestinal bleeding... 

Prothrombin time should be monitored carefully in patients taking warfarin. However, ecchymoses, hematuria, uterine and intestinal bleeding, and other signs of hemorrhage may occur even when prothrombin time is within normal range. 

Diflunisal is a moderately potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, but it differs from the manner in which aspirin inhibits the cyclooxygenase system in that the inhibition is competitive and reversible in nature. Diflunisal does not have an appreciable effect on platelet aggregation, however, and does not significantly produce gastric or intestinal bleeding. 

Perkins et al. discnss the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of curcumin in the Min/-i-monse FAP model. Cnrcnmin is the yellow pigment in turmeric, which prevents the development of adenomas in the intestinal tract of the C57B1/6J Min/-i- mouse, a model of human APC. They fonnd that curcumin was not effective at 0.1% in the diet, but at 0.2% and 0.5%, it rednced adenoma multiplicity by 39 and 40% respectively, when compared with untreated mice. They concluded that curcumin may play an important role in the chemoprevention of human intestinal mahgnancies related to APC mntations. They suggest that a daily dose of 1.6g of curcumin wonld be reqnired for efficacy in hnmans. Furthermore, they call attention to the clear advantage of curcnmin over NSAlDs in its ability to decrease intestinal bleeding linked to adenoma maturation. Curcumin has been shown to decrease COX-2 expression and inhibit NF-Kb, suggesting similar molecular mechanisms as NSAIDs. 

Adverse effects of naproxen is similar to that of ibuprofen. The most frequent adverse effects occuring are gastrointestinal disturbances. Peptric ulceration and gastro-intestinal bleeding have been reported, other side effects include headache, dizziness, nervousness, skin rash, pruritus, tinnitus, oedema, depression, drowsiness, insomnia, and blurred vision and other occular reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions, abnormalities of liver function tests, impairment of renal function including interstitial nephritis or the nephrotic-syndrome, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia have occasionally been observed (5). 

In 1994, the EDA approved another compound for sale as an over-the-counter pain reliever. Naproxen, marketed under the trade names Aleve and Anaprox , exerts its effects for a longer time in the body (8-12 hours per dose) than ibuprofen (4-6 hours per dose) or aspirin and acetaminophen (4 hours per dose). However, the chances for causing slight intestinal bleeding and stomach upset are greater with naproxen than with ibuprofen, and naproxen is not recommended for use by children under age 12. 

In this context, a problem is, that healthy cells, which divide at a relatively high rate (show a high mitotic index), like those in skin, hair, intestines, as well as cells of the immune and reproductive systems, are likewise harmed, leading to serious side-effects, like hair loss, intestinal bleeding and increased susceptibility to infections. 

Bleeding of diverticula is usually difficult to localise by imaging. Angiography may be indicated. Nuclear medicine studies may be performed to localise undear intestinal bleeding. When diverticulits is sus-perted clinically, endoscopy is contraindicated. After the acute phase of infl ammation, the colon should... 

Flower buds of Sophom japonica containing high concentrations (usually ca. 20%) of rutin have been used for centuries in Chinese medicine for the treatment of internal bleeding (e.g., bloody urine, spitting blood, and intestinal bleeding) and bleeding hemorrhoids. It is also used for the pre-... 

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