Circulatory collapse

C. It is secreted along with noradrenaline by the adrenal medulla, from which it may be obtained. It may be synthesized from catechol. It is used as the acid tartrate in the treatment of allergic reactions and circulatory collapse. It is included in some local anaesthetic injections in order to constrict blood vessels locally and slow the disappearance of anaesthetic from the site of injection. Ultimately it induces cellular activation of phosphorylase which promotes catabolism of glycogen to glucose. 

Used medicinally as a carminative and stimulant. It is injected in olive oil solution in cases of circulatory collapse. It is a popular remedy for colds and is a constituent of many lina-ments. Camphorated oil is 20% solution in olive oil. 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Suitable respirator (For dust) rubber gloves chemical goggles or face shield Symptoms Following Exposure Inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion can cause irritation or corrosion of the alimentary tract, circulatory collapse, and toxic nephritis. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation General Treatment for Exposure INHALATION move to flesh air if exposure has been severe, gel medical attention. 

Epinephrine itself does find some use in clinical medicine. The drug is used in order to increase blood pressure in cases of circulatory collapse, and to relax the bronchial muscle in acute asthma and in anaphylactic reactions. These activities follow directly from the agent s physiologic role. The biogenetic precursor of epinephrine, norepinephrine, has activity in its own right as a mediator of sympathetic nerve action. (An apocryphal story has it that the term nor is derived from a label seen on a bottle of a key primary amine in a laboratory in Germany N ohne... 

Cardiovascular—flushing of die face, peripheral circulatory collapse, tachycardia, bradycardia, and palpitations... 

MONITORING AND MANAGING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION These drugs depress the CNS and can cause respiratory depression. The nurse carefully assesses respiratory function (rate, depth, and quality) before administering a sedative, Vs, to 1 hour after administering the drug, and frequently thereafter. Toxic reaction of the barbiturates can cause severe respiratory depression, hypoventilation, and circulatory collapse. 

The onset of symptoms of barbiturate toxicity may not occur until several hours after the drug is administered. Symptoms of acute toxicity include CNSand respiratory depression, constriction or paralytic dilation of the pupils tachycardia, hypotension, lowered body temperature, oliguria, circulatory collapse, and coma. The nurse should report any symptoms of toxicity to the primary health care provider immediately. 

Adverse reactions seen with magnesium administration are rare. If they do occur, they are most likely related to overdose and may include flushing, sweating, hypotension, depressed reflexes, muscle weakness, and circulatory collapse (see Display 58-2). 

It is relatively simple to analyze a specimen for a host of components, as compared to the obtaining of the specimen in a dehydrated infant, particularly one who is in circulatory collapse. 

Severe dehydration leading to hypotension and shock (circulatory collapse). Hypovolemia may not be responsive to intravenous hydration and may require the use of vasopressors. 

As a bacterial protein, streptokinase is viewed by the human immune system as an antigenic substance. In some cases, its administration has elicited allergic responses that have ranged from mild rashes to more serious anaphylactic shock (an extreme and generalized allergic response characterized by swelling, constriction of the bronchioles, circulatory collapse and heart failure). 

The first priority on assessing the patient with pneumonia is to evaluate the adequacy of respiratory function and to determine whether there are signs of systemic illness, specifically dehydration or sepsis with resulting circulatory collapse. 

The typical symptoms begin with the sudden onset of nausea and vomiting and profuse diarrhea without abdominal cramps. The stools produced are characteristically ricewater -like and contain mucus, epithelial cells, and ibrio cholerae bacteria. The dehydration resulting from rapid loss of fluid and electrolytes leads to circulatory collapse and kidney shutdown. Mortality rate without treatment can be as high as 50%.3... 

Profuse diarrhea without abdominal cramps stool resembles ricewater with much mucus Rapid loss of fluid and electrolytes Dehydration leads to circulatory collapse and kidney shutdown Mortality rate without treatment is as high as 50%... 

In a study of the mechanism whereby BordeteUa pertussis vaccine increased acute ozone toxicity in rats, Thompson ascribed the effects to /3-adrenergic blockade, and not to an immune-mediated response. It was further noted that both atropine and reserpine reduced mortality, whidi suggested that the acute lethal effects of ozone were due to shock and circulatory collapse, rather than pulmonary edema. 

Symptoms of exposure Produces skin burns. Causes eye irritation on contact. Inhalation may cause irritation of the respiratory tract. Acute toxic effects following ingestion may include corrosion of mouth and gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, diarrhea, ulceration, bleeding from intestines and circulatory collapse (Patnaik, 1992 Windholz et al., 1983). An irritation concentration of 25.00 mg/m in air was reported by Ruth (1986). 

Anthrax Bacillus anthracis anthrax Increases vascular permeabihty leading to oedema, haemorrhage and circulatory collapse... 

Cardiovascular system Hypotension Pulse irregularities EGG changes Circulatory collapse... 

At the start of therapy, unwanted reactions occur frequently in the form of a throbbing headache, probably caused by dilation of cephalic vessels. This effect also exhibits tolerance, even when daily nitrate pauses are kept Excessive dosages give rise to hypotension, reflex tachycardia, and circulatory collapse. 

Adverse effects are usually the result of magnesium intoxication and include flushing sweating hypotension stupor depressed reflexes flaccid paralysis hypothermia circulatory collapse cardiac and CNS depression proceeding to respiratory paralysis (the most life-threatening effect). 

Dehydration Excessive diuresis may result in dehydration and reduction in blood volume with circulatory collapse and the possibility of vascular thrombosis and... 

Hypocalcemia with signs of tetany, cardiac and CNS depression preceding respiratory paralysis, circulatory collapse, depressed reflexes, flaccid paralysis, flushing, hypotension, hypothermia, sweating. 

Isosorbide Dinitrate Hydralazine (BiDil) [Antianginal, Antihypertensive/Vasodilator, Nitrate] Uses HF in African Amer-icans improve survival functional status, prolong time between hospitalizations Action Relaxes vascular smooth muscle peripheral vasodilator Dose Initially 1 tab tid PO (if not tol ated reduce to 1/2 tab tid), titrate >3-5 d as tolerated Max 2 tabs tid Caution [C, /-] recent MI, syncope, hypovolemia, hypotension, hep impair Contra For children, concomitant use w/ PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil) Disp Tabs SE HA, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, sinusitis, GI distress, tach, paresthesia, amblyopia Interactions t Risk of severe hypotension W/ antihypertensives, ASA, CCBs, MAOIs, phenothiazides, sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, EtOH X pressor response Wf i -1- effects W7 NSAIDs EMS Use ASA, antihypertensives and CCBs w/ caution, may t hypotension concurrent Viagra-type drug use can lead to profound hypotension concurrent EtOH use can t effects OD May cause N/V, profound hypotension, skin flushing, HA from ICP, bradycardia, confusion, and circulatory collapse activated charcoal may be effective, epi use is contraindicated... 

Some of the behavioral effects are a decreased sense of fatigue and an increased alertness and ability to concentrate. In overdose the CNS effects of psychostimulants are agitation, confusion, insomnia, seizures and coma while cardiovascular effects include arrhythmias, palpitations, anginal pain and circulatory collapse. 

Apomorphine, a derivative of morphine, acts directly on the CTZ. It also is more effective if water is first administered before oral or subcutaneous dosing. Excessive dosage may cause respiratory depression and circulatory collapse. Opioid antagonists such as naloxone usually reverse the depressant actions of apomorphine. Because of the possibility of respiratory depression, apomorphine is infrequently used as an emetic. 

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