In environmental control

Vehicle testing is the best way to determine low temperature requirements. These tests can be carried out in environmentally controlled facilities under strictly defined conditions or in actual use. Many companies and industry groups carry out customer tests in cold climates such as northern Canada or Finland. 

Tittlebaum, Marty E., Roger Seals, Frank Cartledge, Stephanie Engels, Louisiana State University. State of the Art on Stabilization of Hazardous Organic Liquid Wastes and Sludges. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, Volume 15, Issue 2,1985. 

Redox-inactive cations attract a particular interest for analytical chemists because of their importance in environmental control, industry, and medicine. For instance, in clinical diagnostics, tests for blood electrolytes (Na+, K+) are routine, because deviation of cation content from their normal values indicates a number of pathologies. 

The major potential application of active carbon fibers is as an adsorbent in environmental control, as outlined in the previous section. However, there is a number of smaller scale, niche applications that seem to be particularly suited to ACF. These emerging applications include the use of ACF in medicine [111 (see also 59,60),112], as capacitors [113-119] and vapor sensors [120], and in refrigeration [121]. The first two of these applications are summarized below. However, there are not many detailed, publicly-available sources describing any of these applications, partly for commercial reasons and partly because the technology is emerging, so any summary is necessarily limited in scope. 

Eisler, R. 1997. Zinc hazards to plants and animals with emphasis on fishery and wildlife resources. Pages 443-537 in P.N. Cheremisinoff (ed.). Ecological Issues and Environmental Impact Assessment. Advances in environmental control technology series. Gulf Publ. Co., Houston, TX. 

Their availability has greatly expanded the potential for electrolytic processes in synthesis and fuel cells as well as in environmental control. Perfluorinated cation exchange membranes such as Nafion outlast the material that preceeded them by up to four and a half years [48], Unfortunately very little has been published on their behaviour outside their use in chlor-alkali electrolysis. 

Hutchins SR, Tomson MB, Bedient PB, et al. 1985. Fate of trace organics during land application of municipal wastewater. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 15(4) 355-416. 

Kool HJ, van Kreijl CF, Zoeteman CJ. 1983. Toxicology assessment of organic compounds in drinking water. CRC Criterial Reviews in Environmental Control 12 307-357. 

McCallum RI The work of an occupational hygiene service in environmental control. Ann Occup Hyg 6 55-64, 1963... 

To understand these complex catalysts we describe some basic HTSC (high Tc) oxides and the important role played by EM in elucidating the nanostructure and chemistry of these complex oxides. The redox behaviour of Cu in various oxidation states of HTSC may be important in environmental control catalysis. 

The selection and assignment of priority pollutants are the first substantial steps in environmental control. The definition of priority pollutants, however, is evolving from unwanted chemicals in a single environmental system to a more integral concept. Therefore, analytical procedures for the collection and measurement of priority pollutants must be appropriate and available for different environmental systems. 

Alexander, M. (1994). Biodegradation and Bioremediation. New York Academic Press. Allsop, P.J., Moo-Young, M. Sullivan, G. R. (1990). The dynamics and control of substrate inhibition in activated sludge. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 20, 115-67. 

Transfer of radioactive materials from the terrestrial environment to animals and man. CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 2, 337-85. 

Since 1980 the nitrogen industry has made major improvements in environmental controls to reduce the release of atmospheric emissions and liquid effluents. Some of the environment issues for specific nitrogen products are summarized below. Other environmental issues will be discussed in the chapters devoted to the specific nitrogen products. 

Since 1980 the nitrogen industry has made major improvements in environmental controls to reduce atmospheric emissions and liquid effluents. 

All the processes have proven the fast fluidized bed to be an efficient tool in environmental control. 

Parenteral products can be divided into two general classes according to the volume of the product. All parenteral products are sterilized and must meet all the requirements for sterility and particulate matter and must be pyrogen-free. They must be prepared using strict sanitation standards in environmentally controlled areas by individuals trained to meet these standards. The injections are overfilled with a small excess over the labeled volume to ensure that the... 

The application of optical immunosensors for environmental monitoring started some years ago. The use of sensors for the measurement of pollutants is a viable alternative in environmental control where it is important to develop sensors of small size, that are reliable, sensitive and selective, for operation in situ and produced by a low cost technology. Several applications have been reported mainly applied to pesticide detection (herbicides, biocides, etc.). The SPR technology has been applied to many environmental problems, mainly for the detection of pollutants in the aquatic environment, such as... 

Gas-to-liquid mass transfer is a transport phenomenon that involves the transfer of a component (or multiple components) between gas and liquid phases. Gas-liquid contactors, such as gas-liquid absorption/ stripping columns, gas-liquid-solid fluidized beds, airlift reactors, gas bubble reactors, and trickle-bed reactors (TBRs) are frequently encountered in chemical industry. Gas-to-liquid mass transfer is also applied in environmental control systems, e.g., aeration in wastewater treatment where oxygen is transferred from air to water, trickle-bed filters, and scrubbers for the removal of volatile organic compounds. In addition, gas-to-liquid mass transfer is an important factor in gas-liquid emulsion polymerization, and the rate of polymerization could, thus, be enhanced significantly by mechanical agitation. 

A new field of application for agglomeration with increasing importance has developed in environmental control. The laws for abatement of water and air pollution require that fine waste particles must be enlarged to improve efficiency of collection and to avoid renewed contamination. 

Applications of agglomeration in environmental control 5,4,5,3,1 Separation of solids from fluids... 

Recent legislation in many developed countries classifies almost all fine particulate solids that were separated from fluids in environmental control devices as hazardous. Since, due to their large specific surface, toxic components may leach out and end up in the ground water, they cannot be stored in unprotected landfills. Furthermore, because of their fineness, such powders easily become air-borne and cause a renewed threat to the environment as well as to human and animal or plant life. 

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