Diagnostics, clinical

S100 Proteins. Table 3 S100 proteins in clinical diagnostics... 

DANIEL S. DANIEL Clinical Chemistry Research and Development, Johnson Johnson Clinical Diagnostics, Rochester, New York 14650-2113. 

Exposure route Clinical diagnostic tests and treatment... 

In this chapter we will focus on pathophysiological aspects of iron deficiency and iron overload, describing functional relations between cells and organs as a link between biochemistry and medicine. Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects will only be mentioned if particularly relevant for pathophysiology. 

Optical sensors for oxygen are among the few sensors, which have found practical application for process-monitoring and clinical diagnostics. They are generally based on compounds such as platinum porphyrins or ruthenium phenanthroline derivatives (Table 17) which show a decrease in luminescence upon exposure to molecular oxygen15. 

Kung, V.T., Maxim, P.E., Veltri, R.W., and Martin, F.J. (1985) Antibody-bearing liposomes improve agglutination of latex particles used in clinical diagnostic assays. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 839, 105-109. 

Apart from immunoassays, enzyme assays can also be used to detect certain substrates in a clinical diagnostic setting. The benefits of performing enzymatic assays on microchips are the analytical power and minimal reagent use in microfluidic systems combined with the selectivity and amplification factors that come with biocatalysis. 

Redox-inactive cations attract a particular interest for analytical chemists because of their importance in environmental control, industry, and medicine. For instance, in clinical diagnostics, tests for blood electrolytes (Na+, K+) are routine, because deviation of cation content from their normal values indicates a number of pathologies. 

Despite the possibility for detection of hydrogen peroxide down to 10 7 mol L-1 achieved, both clinical diagnostics and environmental control in certain cases require... 

Deficiency of the muscle-specific myoadenylate deaminase (MADA) is a frequent cause of exercise-related myopathy and is thought to be the most common cause of metabolic myopathy. MADA catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP in skeletal muscle and is critical in the purine nucleotide cycle. It is estimated that about 1-2% of all muscle biopsies submitted to medical centers for pathologic examination are deficient in AMP deaminase enzyme activity. MADA is 10 times higher in skeletal muscle than in any other tissue. Increase in plasma ammonia (relative to lactate) after ischemic exercise of the forearm may be low in this disorder, which is a useful clinical diagnostic test in patients with exercise-induced myalgia... 

An Approach to Evaluating a Suspected Hepatotoxic Reaction Using a Clinical Diagnostic Scale... 

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