Absorption Liquids

Agitated vessel Complete mixing Integral Liquid Absorption... 

By-product processing Hydrogen sulfide Conversion to elemental sulfur or sulfuric acid by liquid absorption, wet oxidation to elemental sulfur, combustion to SO2... 

Softening and melting temperature Impermeabiiity to gases Decreases Toughness Liquid absorption Elongation at break Decreases Temperature at which brittleness occurs position temperature... 

D. E. Martire and R. E. Boehm, Unified molecular theory of clrromatography and its application to supercritical fluid mobile phases. 1. Eluid-liquid (absorption) clrromatography , J. Phys. Chem. 91 2433-2446 (1987). 

Aufsaugbarkeit, /. absorbability. Aufsauge-falugkelt, /. absorptivity, -flusslg-keit, /. absorbing liquid, absorption liquid. 

The preparation and properties of a novel, commercially viable Li-ion battery based on a gel electrolyte has recently been disclosed by Bellcore (USA) [124]. The technology has, to date, been licensed to six companies and full commercial production is imminent. The polymer membrane is a copolymer based on PVdF copolymerized with hexafluoropropylene (HFP). HFP helps to decrease the crystallinity of the PVdF component, enhancing its ability to absorb liquid. Optimizing the liquid absorption ability, mechanical strength, and processability requires optimized amorphous/crystalline-phase distribution. The PVdF-HFP membrane can absorb plasticizer up to 200 percent of its original volume, especially when a pore former (fumed silica) is added. The liquid electrolyte is typically a solution of LiPF6 in 2 1 ethylene carbonate dimethyl car-... 

The interrelationships of the various coefficients associated with fluid uptake (Section 23.4.2) mean that it should be possible to estimate a rate for one of the uptake phenomena from test data for another of them. Campion proposed using this approach to estimate permeation coefficient Q from solubility coefficient s. The form of a liquid absorption plot (Figure 23.6, Section 23.4.4.1) is such that s should be obtainable from it, and inspection showed that this link was via Henry s law with concentration corrected by the polymer density p. The following expression was derived for s ... 

A liquid absorption process for the removal of SO2 involves the absorption of the S02 into a solution of ammonia and water with resultant formation of ammonium sulfide. The liquid is then sent to an oxidizing unit to form ammonium sulfate, which can be sold as a by-product or reacted with milk of line to regenerate the ammonia and produce gypsum.28... 

The solid sorbent material must also be heated and cooled for regeneration and absorption cycles. Because the solid C02 sorbents operate at higher temperatures than the liquid absorption systems, they provide opportunities for simultaneous WGS reaction with C02 removal improving the CO conversion in sorbent-enhanced reaction process (SERP). A number of studies have been reported on the SERP concept and are currently underway as discussed in later sections. 

If equilibrium liquid absorption is not reached the comparison is invalidated. 

Sulfur recovery is discussed later in the paper. Some liquid absorption processes produce two separate acid gas streams (selective AGR). One stream, containing the majority of sulfur compounds, is sent to the sulfur recovery unit, while the other is vented to atmosphere, environmental regulations permitting. 

Extent of removal required by downstream processing will also dictate the choice of process. Complete removal of H2S to prevent poisoning of downstream catalysts may require both a liquid absorption step and a solid-bed trace sulfur removal step, such as zinc oxide. 

Figure 12.18 illustrates the conditions that occur during the steady operation of a countercurrent gas-liquid absorption tower. It is convenient to express the concentration of the streams in terms of moles of solute gas per mole of inert gas in the gas phase, and as moles of solute gas per mole of solute free liquid in the liquid phase. The actual area of interface between the two phases is not known, and the term a is introduced as the interfacial area per unit volume of the column. On this basis the general equation, 12.13,... 

Liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection this technique, in combination with a high-throughput liquid-absorption pre-concentrator (HTLAP) that sampled air and collected analytes from vapours or aerosols into a small volume of liquid absorbent, was used by Zaromb et al. [47] for the detection and analysis of cocaine and heroin in air. 

Zaromb S, Alcaraz J, Lawson D, Woo CS (1993) Detection of airborne cocaine and heroin by high-throughput liquid-absorption preconcentration and liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr 643 107-115... 

Burning of coal Roasting of ores Attack of solids by acids Gas-liquid absorption with reaction Reduction of iron ore to iron and steel... 

Application of Packing Coils and spirals are cut to form closed or nearly closed rings in the stuffing box. Clearance between ends should be sufticient to allow for fitting and possible expansion due to increased temperature or liquid absorption ofthe packing while in operation. 

The first two assumptions as well as the fourth are used by Levenspiel for gas-liquid absorption operations. 

The conversion to solid sorption media from liquid absorption solutions for collection of gases and vapors is a continuing process. The solid sorbent sampling tube is a small device, easily manipulated, and not prone to lose its contents when being used under awkward sampling conditions or during shipping. These physical factors can improve the accuracy of the final result. 

Dielectric measurements are carried out on PPOA and PPODG. The dielectric spectrum of PPOA in the bulk presents a prominent glass-rubber relaxation followed by a subglass absorption. The low-molecular-weight compound only exhibits a prominent glass-liquid absorption followed by a diffuse and weak subglass relaxation. This behaviour cannot be explained in terms of only intramolecular interactions, and therefore intermolecular interactions must play an important role in this process. 

Acetylene black is very pure with a carbon content of 99.7%. It has a surface area of about 65 m2/g, an average particle diameter of 40 nm, and a very high but rather weak structure with a DBPA value of 250 mL/100 g. It is the most crystalline or graphitic of the commercial blacks. These unique features result in high electrical and thermal conductivity, low moisture absorption, and high liquid absorption. 

Table 2. The use of liquid absorption chromatography to investigate the FTD of functional oligomers... 

The influence of pressure on the mass transfer in a countercurrent packed column has been scarcely investigated to date. The only systematic experimental work has been made by the Research Group of the INSA Lyon (F) with Professor M. Otterbein el al. These authors [8, 9] studied the influence of the total pressure (up to 15 bar) on the gas-liquid interfacial area, a, and on the volumetric mass-transfer coefficient in the liquid phase, kia, in a countercurrent packed column. The method of gas-liquid absorption with chemical reaction was applied with different chemical systems. The results showed the increase of the interfacial area with increasing pressure, at constant gas-and liquid velocities. The same trend was observed for the variation of the volumetric liquid mass-transfer coefficient. The effect of pressure on kia was probably due to the influence of pressure on the interfacial area, a. In fact, by observing the ratio, kia/a, it can be seen that the liquid-side mass-transfer coefficient, kL, is independent of pressure. 

Since distillation is the method used most widely for separating mixtures of liquids in the chemical-and hydrocarbon processing industries, we will examine this unit operation particularly and make some critical observations for the gas-liquid absorption. 

Conventional Hydrogen Production Using Liquid Absorption Purification... 

Many processes have been developed for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas streams. They can be classified as liquid absorption, liquid oxidation, dry oxidation, and adsorption. One of these processes is usually included in a coal gasification or liquefaction flowsheet since the coal sulfur is converted to H2S and finally elemental sulfur. The Stretford and Townsend direct HpS to S processes and the Recti sol process followed by a Claus plant are frequently included on coal conversion flowsheets (1 ). Kohl and Riesenfeld (2) present pertinent details for many commercial processes. 

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