Septal thickening

At CT, AEP shows bilateral peripheral ground-glass opacities, with lower-lobe predominance (Fig. 26.18). In addition, interlobar septal thickening and thickening of the bronchovascular bundles, as well as localized areas... 

Fig. 26.18a,b. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a 37-year-old female with BAL fluid eosinophilia. a Axial CT image obtained 5 days after onset of dyspnea shows peripherally distributed patchy areas of consolidation and ground-glass opacities accompanied by interlobular septal thickening, b Coronal CT image displays the lower lobe predominance of the infiltrates... 

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a benign disorder most commonly associated with CVD (particularly Sjogren s syndrome), Castleman s disease, and diverse autoimmune and immunodeficiency states (including HIV infection) (47 9). Salient CT features of LIP include GGO (100%), centrilobular nodules (86%), interlobular septal thickening (93%), thickened bronchovascular bundles (93%), air cysts (71%), lymph node enlargement (71%), architectural... 

Kang EY, Grenier P, Laurent F, et al. Interlobular septal thickening patterns at high-resolution computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging 1996 11(4) 260-264. 

Multicentric Castleman disease usually demonstrates extensive lymph node involvement, in contrast to the solitary involvment with unicentric Castleman disease. In addition, pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities such as thin-walled cysts, thickening of the bronchovascular bundles, and interlobular septal thickening, subpleural nodules, ground-glass attenuation, air-space consolidation, and bronchiectasis can be seen (25). 

Fig. 10.9. Thin-section computed tomography through the lower lungs in a patient with chronic beryllium disease shows fine anterior septal thickening arrows, arrowheads)...

Beryllium exposure occurs in a wide variety of occupations. It may cause acute berylliosis (currently very rare), beryllium sensitization, chronic beryllium disease, or lung cancer. Imaging manifestations of chronic beryllium disease are generally similar to those of sarcoidosis, with nodules, ground glass abnormality, septal thickening, conglomerate masses, and mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. 

The common thin-section CT findings of graphite pneumoconiosis include small nodules, interlobular septal thickening, and the prevalence of large opacities (progressive massive fibrosis). Small nodules are classified into two patterns ill-defined tiny opacities that appear either as fine branching opacities... 

Fig. 13.17. Chronic phase. Irregular linear opacities and ir- Fig. 13.20. Chronic phase. Reticulations and cysts associated regular interlobular septal thickening with diffuse ground-glass opacity...

Findings on CT scan and HRCT are nonspecific and have a low positive predictive value. Herber et al. (2001) reported ten patients with proven AR, ground glass opacities, bronchial wall thickening, septal thickening, dilatation of the bronchus, pleural effusions and centrilobular densities with a specificity of 30%-50%. 

Fig. 6.2.8. Pulmonary edema due to fluid overload in a 28-year-old woman after allogeneic HSCtransplantation. HRCT scan through upper lobes shows smooth septal thickening in a gravity-dependent distribution. The left interlobar fissure is also prominent due to subpleural edema. (With permission from Franquet et al. 2005a)...

---