Ice storms

Nuclear PSAs tend to accept a set of initiators such as the WASH-1400 set or the EPRI set and proceed with little introspection as to completeness of the set for a specific plant. A well-known omission is sabotage. In general, earthquake and fire is treated poorly tornado is usually not addressed nor are other aspects of adverse weather such as freezing and ice storms which may have common cause potential. The record has not been too good. After the Browns Ferry fire, it was claimed that such was addressed in WASH-1400. If so, attention was only brought after the fact. The TMI-2 sequence was not addressed in the PSAs to an extent that action was taken to prevent it. 

The impact of Ice Storm 98 was unprecedented in Canadian electric power system history. The Ontario Hydro Report provides a chronology of the twenty-three major storms that have impacted the system since 1942. The report also provides a detailed inventory of the effects, consequences, and mitigation measures taken due to the ice storm. The estimated direct total cost to Ontario due to the ice storm is 472 inillioii (Canadian), which includes costs incurred by Ontario I lydro, local Ontario and federal governments, the Insurance Bureau of Canada and associated insurance companies, the Department of National Defence, and affected customers, incliidiiig... 

The impact of Ice Storm 98 on system reliability can be seen from the Canadian electric utility reliability performance statistics for 1998 in Table 2. 

The impact of Ice Storm 98 can clearly be seen by realizing that the number of customer interruptions and the customer hours of interruption for all of Canada in 1997 were 24,280,244 and 38,130,783, respectively. The ice storm alone resulted in 12,332,950 customer interruptions and 282,576,829 customer hours of interruption in the utilities affected. Removing the ice storm incidents from the 1998 Canada-wide data results in a SAIFI of 2.46 and a SAIDI of 3.40. The lOR is 99.9612 percent. Ice Storm 98 had only a relatively moderate effect on SAIFI but a dominant effect on the customer hours of interruption and the SAIDI statistic due to the extremely long storm duration and the required restoration period. It is important to realize that the bulk transmission system retained its integrity according to NERC criteria, and the impact of the ice storm on Ontario Hydro facilities did not propagate into neighboring interconnected utilities. 

Ontario Hydro. (1998). Ice Storm 98 Electricity Supply Impacts of the Januaiy 1998 Ice Storm in Eastern Ontario. Toronto Author. 

Program Improvements in the CEA Seivice Continuity Report and Impact of the Ice Storm on CEAData. (1999). CEA Electricity 99 Conference, Vancouver, B.C., March. U.S. Federal Power Commission. (1965). Northeast Power Failure, November 9 and W, 1965. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Development of more powerful Predictive Tools (e.g., for thunderstorms, tornadoes hailstorms, ones that help prepare for the impacts of events like Ice Storm 98 ). 

Contribution to an International Network and a Standardized Methodology for the Investigation of Natural Disasters to Learn from Rare Severe Weather Events (like Ice Storm 98 ). 

Increased Need for Emergency Preparedness (in case of events like Ice Storm 98). 

Monitoring of Structures during extreme weather (e.g., Ice Storm 98) to Fine-Tune Climate Design Data and Contribute to the International Investigation of Natural Disasters. 

Arctic environments pose different ambient conditions than normally encountered at most oil and gas facilities. The most obvious is that the ambient temperature level can reach extremely low levels, as much as -45.5 °C (-50 °F) and that snow or ice storms can be expected to occur. 

This thesis has two ideas that need support the portrayal of the American suburb as a place of false happiness and hidden misery, and that this depiction is unfair and inaccurate. You could cite films such as American Beauty and The Ice Storm as specific examples. 

Repaired the damage to the roof from the weekend s ice storm. (This took a full two days.)... 

Clean up the branches and other debris from the ice storm. 

Continue painting the cafeteria. I had hoped to complete this task by the end of the week, but clean-up from the ice storm took priority. I will probably not finish until the end of next week. 

In addition, the reliability of the refrigeration equipment and the provision of spare machines and backup power must be considered. This becomes especially important in locations where hurricanes, seismic events, tornadoes, and ice storms are possible. However, with proper design and maintenance, a refrigeration system can be highly reliable. 

Hurricane Tropical Storm gg Flood yf Severe Weather Q Blizzard iMt Fires L Nor eeeter Ice Storm... 

Compare and contrast the adverse health outcomes resulting from extreme heat and winter/ice storms. 

Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2006g). Hazards Fact sheet on winter/ice storms. Retrieved March 11, 2007 from http //www.fema.gov/hazards/winter storms/... 

On January 7, 1998, an ice storm struck the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. In Maine, 3 consecutive days of rain combined with ground temperatures consistently below freezing resulted in heavy accumulations of ice on trees and electric power lines. Falling trees and branches and breaking utility poles resulted in the loss of electrical power to an estimated 600,000 persons. Although the rain had stopped by January 11, temperatures declined to less than 10 °F (-12 °C) over most of the state, exacerbating the danger. On January 16, an estimated 50,000 households, primarily in the interior portion of the state, remained without power. 

Lessons learned CO exposures and poisonings were the most dramatic health concerns in the early aftermath of the ice storm. CO toxicity has been documented as a health concern following winter storms, especially during power outages. Many of the same mechanisms observed in previous outbreaks of CO poisoning (e.g., improper use of gasoline generators and fuel-powered heaters) may have played a role in Maine. 

Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). Community needs assessment following an ice storm—Maine, January 1998. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 47(17), 351-354. 

Thus ended the second day of the great ice storm, and more icy rain came down. 

The odd thing is that we do not even really believe that the man in the water lost his fight. Everything in Nature contains all the powers of Nature, said Emerson. Exactly. So the man in the water had his own natural powers. He could not make ice storms, or freeze the water until it froze the blood. But he could hand life over to a stranger, and that is a power of nature too. The man in the water pitted himself against an implacable, impersonal enemy he fought it with charity and he held it to a standoff. He was the best we can do. 

An ice storm, windstorm, tornado, forest fire, or flood may bring down power lines by the hundreds. Under those circumstances electric companies customarily borrow skilled professionals from one another to augment their own work forces. First Responders have their own jobs to perform at such times, usually as part of a task force. 

---