Hydrocarbon-contaminated soil

Stehmeier LG, TR Jack, G Voordouw (1996) In vitro degradation of dicyclopentadiene by microbial consortia isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Can J Microbiol 42 1051-1060. 

Mikkonen A (2012) The potential of microbial ecological indicators to guide ecosophisticated management of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. PhD thesis, University of Helsinki... 

The ability to process a wide range of feedstocks including coal, heavy oils, petroleum coke, heavy refinery residuals, refinery wastes, hydrocarbon contaminated soils, biomass, and agricultural wastes. 

There is one case in environmental work where the methyl and methylene absorptions are useful and used. This is in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method for the determination of total recoverable petroleum hydrocarbons (TRPHs) in a soil or other extract. Here, a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of a hydrocarbon-contaminated soil is made (EPA Method 3560). The extracted hydrocarbons are dissolved in... 

Heath JS, Koblis K, Sager SL, et al. 1993. Risk assessment for total petroleum hydrocarbons. In Kostecki PT, Calabrese EJ, eds. Hydrocarbon contaminated soils and groundwater. Vol. 3,267-301. Chelsea, MI Lewis Publishers. 

Norris, R. D. and Dowd, K. D., 1993, In-Situ Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil and Groundwater in a Low-Permeability Aquifer In Bioremediation Field Experience (edited by R E. Flathman and D. E. Jerger), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

BarthaR. 1990. Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil A feasibility study. New Brunswick, NJ Rutgers University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology. 

Person S. 1995. Using approximate deconvolution to estimate cleanup targets in probabihstic risk analyses. In Kostecki P. editor. Hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Amherst (MA) Amherst Scientific Press, p 239-248. 

According to the vendor, the HP-80 technology is effective in removing heavy metals and acids from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil however, these substances cannibalize the HP-80 compound and higher concentrations of the HP-80 are necessary (3 to 5% by volume instead of 1%). 

The estimated cost of remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils at the Lemoore Naval Air Station using the steam injection vacnnm extraction (SIVE) technology is 200 per ton (D127760) (see Technology Snmmary T0712 for fnrther information on SIVE). 

KAL con s thermal units are applicable to treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils but may not be used to remediate soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), radioactive isotopes, or dioxins. Pesticides and herbicides can be treated by low-temperature thermal desorption, but special permitting is required and may be difficult to obtain. 

This technology is applicable to sites with hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, including drill cuttings, oil-contaminated soil around tank batteries and refineries, oil field service and storage facilities, and service stations. 

According to the vendor, the product should be applied to hydrocarbon-contaminated soils at a volume ratio of approximately 1 part Oil Snapper to 25 parts soil. When applied to fresh spills, 4 bags of Oil Snapper are required for each drum of hydrocarbons spilled. Table 1 displays Serengeti s pricing as of 1997. Shipping charges are not included in the price (D177371, p. 5). 

Chemical contaminants for which full-scale treatment data exist include primarily volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). These SVOCs include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pentachlorophenol (PCP), pesticides, and herbicides. Extremely volatile metals, such as mercury and lead, can be removed by higher temperature thermal desorption systems. The technology has been applied to refinery wastes, coal tar wastes, wood-treating wastes, creosote-contaminated soils, hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, mixed (radioactive and hazardous) wastes, synthetic mbber processing wastes, and paint wastes. 

The technology can be used to treat hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and sludges resulting from petroleum refining and marketing, wood treating, and petrochemical industry activities. The technology can also treat sediments. 

Autry, A. R. Ellis, G. M. (1992). Bioremediation an effective remedial alternative for petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Environmental Progress, 11, 318-23-Block, R., Stroo, H. Swett, G. H. (1993). Bioremediation - why doesn t it work sometimes Chemical Engineering Progress, 89 (8), 44-50. 

Morgan, P. Watkinson, R. J. (1990). Assessment of the potential for in situ biotreatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Water Science and Technology, 22, 63-8. 

Smith, J. R.,Tomicek, R. M Swallow, P. V., Weightman, R. L.,Nakles, D. V. Helbling, M. (1995). Definition of biodegradation endpoints for PAH contaminated soils using a risk-based approach. In Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils, vol. 5, ed. P. T. Kostecki, E. J. Calabese M. Bonazountas, pp. 531-72. Amherst, MA Amherst Scientific Publishers. 

Organic extraction using solvents at the general refining Superfund site in Savannah, GA (Cheremisinoff, 1989) Oily sludges, hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, and triethylamine (TEA) Resources Conservation Company, Georgia... 

Parr JL, Walters G, Hoffman M (1991) Sampling and Analysis of Soils for Gasoline Range Organics. In Kostecki PT, Calabrese EJ (eds) Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils and Groundwater Analysis, Fate, Environmental and Public Health Effects, Remediation, Vol. 1, Lewis, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, pp. 105-132. 

On May 17, 1993, two underground storage tanks (USTs) at the Artesia Yard failed tank-tightness tests. A representative of the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) confirmed the release on August 2, 1993, when the tanks were removed (Fig. 2). In addition to removing the tanks and associated piping, which were the primary sources of contamination, the excavation contractor removed approximately 100 yards of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from the former tankhold. 

Johnson, P.C., Kemblowski, M.W., and Colthart, J.D. (1990) Quantitative analysis for the cleanup of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils by in-situ soil venting. Ground Water, 28(3), 413-429. 

Brohon B., C. Delome, and R. Gourdon. 2001. Complementarity of bioassays and microbial activity measurements for the evaluation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils quality. Soil Biol. Chem. 33 883-891. 

Environment Canada (2002). Contaminated site remediation section technical assistance bulletins. [Online] available http //www.on.ec.gc.ca/pollution/ecnpd/contaminassist e.html[04 March 2005], This webpage shows a list of Technical Assistance Bulletins. See Section 5 QC samples in Tab 4 Sampling and Analysis of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil. 

Antizar-Ladislao, B., Lopez-Real, J., and Beck, A.J. 2005b. Laboratory studies of the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil by in-vessel composting. Waste Management, 25 281-89. 

Atagana, H.I. 2008. Compost bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil inocnlated with organic manure. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 1516-25. 

Jprgensen, K.S., Puustinen, J., and Suortti, A.-M. 2000. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by composting in biopiles. Environmental Pollution, 107 245-54. 

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