Human herpesvirus-8 virus

Cidofovir (Fig. 2) has been formally approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients, where it is administered intravenously at a dose not exceeding 5 mg/kg once weekly during the first two weeks (and every other week thereafter). Cidofovir is also used off label for the treatment of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections (i.e., cutaneous warts, anogenital warts, laryngeal and pharyngeal papilloma), polyomavirus [i.e., progressive (i.e., multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)], adenovirus, herpesvirus, and poxvirus (i.e., molluscum contagiosum) infections, where it can be administered intravenously (at a dose of < 5 mg/kg once weekly or every other week) or topically as a 1% gel or cream (De Clercq and Holy 2005). Especially in immunosuppressed patients (i.e., transplant recipients), local treatment of HPV-associated lesions has often yielded spectacular results (Bonatti etal.2007). 

Furlini G, Vignoli M, Ramazzotti E, Re MC, Visani G, La P (1996) A concurrent human herpesvirus-6 infection renders two human hematopoietic progenitor (TF-1 and KG-1) ceU lines susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Blood 87(ll) 4737-4745... 

Over 20 infectious agents have been incriminated as etiologic agents for many the causal relationship has been disproved, and for others there is conflicting evidence. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is currently the most likely causative virus. HHV-6 may initiate the autoimmune processes of MS in one of two ways. First, HHV-6 is structurally similar to myelin basic protein. When T cells become sensitive to HHV-6, the cells may attack myelin basic protein. Second, HHV-6 may directly stimulate the complement cascade, activating autoimmune processes.5 Infection with HHV-6 alone cannot fully explain MS, because HHV-6 is found in 75% of all people, but MS is much more rare. 

IARC, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi s sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8IARC Press, Lyon, France, 1997. 

Epstein-Barr Virus and Kaposi s Sarcoma Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8... 

Acyclovir (Figure 49-2) is an acyclic guanosine derivative with clinical activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV, but it is approximately 10 times more potent against HSV-1 and HSV-2 than against VZV. In vitro activity against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is present but weaker. 

IARC (1997) Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi s sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 70). 

Interferon a Induction of celiuiar enzymes that interfere with virai protein synthesis Intracellular half-life of cidofovir diphosphate is 17-30 hours. Hepatitis B and C, human herpesvirus 8, papiiioma-virus 2-3... 

Alpha herpesvirinae Simplexvirus Human herpesvirus 1, herpes simplex virus... 

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) a gamma human herpesvirus. 

Various bacterial vectors have been used to express a number of bacterial B. pertussis, S. pneumoniae, Y. pestis, and L. monocytogenes), viral (herpesvirus, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, simian immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis B virus), and parasitic (5. mansoni, and L. major) antigens. Significant improvements in attenuation of bacteria, and the stability, localization, and expression levels of heterologous antigens are required to market the bacterial vector-based vaccines for use in humans or animals. 

Ebola virus Hantaviruses Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Human herpesviruses Herpesvirus simiae (B virus)... 

Bryant-Greenwood P, Sorbara L, Filie AC, et al. Infection of mesothelial cells with human herpesvirus 8 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with Kaposi sarcoma, Castle-man disease, and recurrent pleural effusions. Mod Pathol. 2003 16 145-153. 

Various viruses encode proteins with sequenee homology to host proteins which are known to be involved in host defense functions. Viruses pirate and modify key immunoregulatory molecules, by use of molecular mimicry, to elude the Immune system (Murphy, 1997). Viruses also encode proteins that exploit or alter their host cells, replicate or induce migration for virus dissemination. Interestingly, DNA viruses such as the Herpesviruses (Cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus (HHV-6 and 7), herpesvirus Saimiri (HVS) and Kaposi s sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)) all express GPCRs (Table 2). 

Cytomegalovirus is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the human herpesvirus family (1,5). The other members include herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). While the herpesviruses are... 

In a chapter Infection Unmasked, Drexler first underscores the point that some 70% of all deaths are due to lingering or chronic illnesses rather than to the abrupt severity of acute afflictions. Furthermore, there is the statement that today, a growing number of researchers claim that these disabling conditions may be caused by infection. Thus, more than 90% of cervical cancer cases are caused by the human papillomavirus, and more than 60% of liver cancer cases result from the hepatitis B virus. The retrovirus HTLV-1 is the precursor for adult T cell lymphoma, with the cancerous condition occurring decades after the infection. The Epstein-Barr virus, a herpes-type virus causing mononucleosis, also has an effect on people with malaria, producing a cancer known as Burkitt s lymphoma, the leading cause of childhood cancer deaths worldwide. Kaposi s sarcoma, known as a comphcation of AIDS, is said to be caused by human herpesvirus 8. 

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