Host ranges

There are several different groups of phages, each with there own characteristics and host range spedfidty. 

The development of AAV-based gene-therapy vectors is presently focused on the analysis of the properties of the different AAV serotypes, especially the host range of the virion shells of the different serotypes. By packaging... 

Suzuki Y, Ito T, Suzuki T, HoUand RE Jr, Chambers TM, Kiso M, Ishida H, Kawaoka Y (2000) Sialic acid species as a determinant of the host range of influenza A viruses. J Virol 74 11825-11831... 

One of the exciting features of the direct DNA delivery system is that it does not rely on an infection. The limited host range of other vector delivery systems is therefore irrelevant, and the way is opened for genetic engineering of cereals. Cereal protoplasts are equally amenable to uptake of foreign DNA after electroporation and the system therefore has potential for use with the major crop species. However, there is at present one drawback, namely that for cereals it has not yet proved possible to grow fertile whole plants from the genetically transformed cells. 

Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae is the cause of a type of jaundice in humans called Weil s disease. The disease is carried by rats and is encountered in sewer workers. Other species of Leptospira, with hosts ranging from domestic animals such as the pig to wild animals such as opossums and jackals, give rise to a variety of fevers encountered locally or widely across the world. 

Construction of a broad host range cloning vector and its use in the genetic anlysis of Rhizobium mutants. Gene 18 289-296... 

C. Winstanley. J. A. W. Morgan, R. W. Pickup, J. G. Jones, and J. R. Saunders, Differential regulation of Lambda pi, and Pk promoters by a cl repressor in a broad-host-range thermoregulated plasmid marker system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55 771 (1989). 

Classification of bacterial viruses In the bacterial viruses, a formal classification scheme is rarely used. Rather, each bacterial virus is designated in terms of its principal bacterial host, followed by an arbitrary alphanumeric. Thus, we speak of T4 virus of Escherichia coli or P22 virus of Salmonella typhimurium. An overview of some of the major types of bacterial viruses is given later. We should note, however, that although a bacterial virus may be designated in reference to its principal host, the actual host range of the virus may be broader. Thus, bacteriophage Mu, generally studied with Escherichia coli, also infects Citrobacter and Salmonella. 

Mutations Much of our knowledge of viral reproduction and how it is regulated has depended on the isolation and characterization of virus mutants. Several kinds of mutants have been studied in viruses host-range mutants, plaque-type mutants, temperature-sensitive mutants, nonsense mutants, transposons, and inversions. 

Host-range mutations are those that change the range of hosts that the virus can infect. Host resistance to phage infection can be due to an alteration in receptor sites on the surface of the host cell, so that the virus can no longer attach, and host-range mutations of... 

Kondo, A. and Maeda, S. (1991) Host range expansion by recombination of the baculoviruses Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Journal of Virology, 65 (7), 3625-3632. 

Wu, X., Cao, C.,Xu, Y. andLu, X. (2004) Construction of a host range-expanded hybrid baculovirus of BmNPV and AcNPV, and knockout of cysteinase gene for more efficient expression. Science in China. Series C, Life Sciences, 47 (5), 406-415. 

Antoine, R. and Locht, C. (1992) Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel broad-host-range plasmid from Bordetella bronchiseptica with sequence similarities to plasmids from Gram-positive organisms. Molecular Microbiology, 6, 1785-1799. 

Tao, L., Jackson, R.E. and Cheng, Q. (2005) Directed evolution of copy number of a broad host range plasmid for metabolic engineering. Evolutionary Engineering, 7, 10-17. 

Several parameters of the larval niche have been evaluated in this in vitro model. Results indicate that T. spiralis establishes its niche in cell cultures. First, the broad host range of T. spiralis has been reproduced in cultured cells. The nematode is known to infect a diversity of vertebrate... 

Trichinellosis is caused by the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis. This parasite has a complex life cycle that alternates between intestinal and muscle cell compartments of the host. This nematode infection is unusual because 7. spiralis is an intracellular parasite of mammalian cells. In addition, the broad host range of this parasite includes most mammals. The disease in humans has intrigued parasitologists, other biologists and public health workers for over a century (Cambell, 1983). The attraction to trichinellosis pardy stems from the debilitating and sometimes fatal effects that characterize this disease. 

Jacquiet, P, Cabaret, J., Thiam, E. and Cheikh, D. (1998). Host range and the maintenance of Haemonchus spp. in an adverse arid climate . International Journal for Parasitology, 28(2), 253-261. 

The design of chimeric viruses to create a functional vector system combining components of different viruses and thus expanding the virus host range was one of the early approaches employed by Yusibov et al. [32]. Antigenic determinants from... 

The sindbis virus is simple, robust, capable of infecting non-dividing cells and generally supports high levels of gene expression. However, it does display a broad host range and, hence, lacks the inherent targeting specificity characteristic of an idealized viral vector. 

---