Virus and host

Johnson CL, Gale M Jr (2006) CARD games between virus and host get a new player. Trends Immunol 27 1 ... 

Attachment There is a high specificity in the interaction between virus and host. The most common basis for host specificity involves the attachment process. The virus particle itself has one or more proteins on the outside which interact with specific cell surface components called receptors. The receptors on the cell surface are normal surface components of the host, such as proteins, polysaccharides, or lipoprotein-polysaccharide complexes, to which the virus particle attaches. In the absence of the receptor site, the virus cannot adsorb, and hence cannot infect. If the receptor site is altered, the host may become resistant to virus infection. However, mutants of the virus can also arise which are able to adsorb to resistant hosts. 

Nielsen, M.H., Bastholm, L., Chatterjee, S., Koga, J., and Norrild, B. (1989) Simultaneous triple-immunogold staining of virus and host cell antigens with monoclonal antibodies of virus and host cell antigens in ultrathin cryosections. Elistochemistry 92, 89-93. 

GPCR Mediation of Interactions Between Virus and Host... 

The Signaling Duel Between Virus and Host Impact on Coxsackieviral Pathogenesis... 

To date viruses have been isolated and brought into culture for the bloom-forming species P. pouchetii and P. globosa. The genus includes, however, more species of which only one other is known to form a colony bloom (P. antarctica). Given the dependence of viral induced algal mortality on virus and host cell abundance, it would be of special interest to be able to bring into culture virus-host model systems of species that do not form such dense blooms and compare with... 

Bodian, D., Morgan, I., and Schwerdt, C. E. (1950), Virus and host factors influencing the titer of Lansing poliomyelitis virus in monkeys, cotton rats and mice, Am. J. Hyg., 51,126-133. 

Figure 11-2 Steps in viral replication. Step 1 Attachment of virus to host cell using specialized receptors on the virus and host cell. Step 2 Penetration of virus into host cell and rmcoating of virus. Step 3 Duplication of viral DNA or RNA using host DNA/RNA. Step 4 Assembly of viral genome and capsid within host cell and then release of progeny. (The host cell can then either die or survive, depending on the virus and host cell type.)...

Basing on the knowledge of the most important steps of the whole interaction between virus and host cell, the purpose of researches was to find a sialic acid analogue to ... 

The Chess Game Between Virus and Host Facts and Fiction. 306... 

Freguja R, Gianesin K, Zanchetta M, De Rossi A. Cross-talk between virus and host innate immunity in pediatric HIV-1 irrfection and disease progression. New MicrobioL 2012 35 249-57. 

Despite the wealth of knowledge on the reproduction of viruses and their proliferation within host cells, effective antiviral therapy is still considerably less advanced than, for example, antibacterial therapy. The reason for this is, of course, the intimate relationship between virus and host cell. The viruses, as stated, are intracellular parasites and are the smallest biological structures that contain the ability to replicate, consisting of a core of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective protein shell and in some cases an outer envelope of lipid or polysaccharide. Viruses contain no ribosomes and no mitochondria and are totally dependent on the host cell for all energy requirements, and also low-molecular weight precursors. The... 

Systematic strategies for development of eintiviral agents tend to emphasize selective inhibition of distinct processes in viral replication [1,2,6,7]. The intimate relationship between virus and host is obviously a... 

Jen, G., Birge, C. H., and Thach, R. E., 1978, Comparison of initiation rates of encephalomyocarditis virus and host protein synthesis in infected cells, J. Virol. 27 640. 

Van Steeg, H., Thomas, A., Verbeck, S., Kasperaitis, M., Voorma, H. O., and Benne, R., 1981a, Shut-off of neuroblastoma cell protein synthesis by Semliki Forest Virus Loss of ability of crude initiation factors to recognize early Semliki Forest Virus and host mRNAs, J. Virol. 38 728. 

This principle of modulator triplets (modulators of the speed of translation) was put forward to explain changes in the velocity of protein synthesis within operons in bacteria (at the level of polycistron RNA). It is less suitable for viruses and phages, because in these forms the templates are virus-specific and sRNA fractions are provided by the host cell. However, the possibility is not ruled out that interaction between virus and host may also spread to this system of regulation, and that by selection the virus may become adapted to the conditions of synthesis present in the cell. 

Virus and Host. Viruses depend very generally on the metabolism of their host cells hence they cannot be grown in artificial culture media. They have neither energy metabolism nor enzymes for the biosynthesis of their own substance, the viral protein and the nucleic acid. They merely carry the information of their own specificity, e.g. the amino acid sequence of the proteins, and are able so to influence the metabolism of the host cell that virus-specific substances are formed, usually at the cost of cellular material already present. The host cell then either perishes or recovers from the disease. 

Zhumatov, Kh. Vr., Isaeva, E. S., Chuvakova, Z. K., and Stetsenko, O. G., 1972, Investigation of electrophoretic mobility and immunospecificity of the neuraminidases of influenza virus and host ceUs, Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med. 73 68-71. 

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