Phages infectivity

Phage infections sometimes occur in big fermentation plants and cause severe damage. 

Riechmann, L., and Holliger, P. (1997). The C-terminal domain ofTolA is the coreceptor for filamentous phage infection ofE. coli. Cell 90, 351-360. 

Host-range mutations are those that change the range of hosts that the virus can infect. Host resistance to phage infection can be due to an alteration in receptor sites on the surface of the host cell, so that the virus can no longer attach, and host-range mutations of... 

Transduction DNA fragments are taken up by a bacteriophage and transferred to a second organism when the phage infects it. 

Phage infection of bacteria containing inserted genes encoding antigen-binding fragments... 

Messenger RNA. In 1956, Volkin and Astra-chan29 30 detected a rapidly labeled and labile RNA in phage-infected bacterial cells. Studies of enzyme induction also suggested the existence of mRNA. 

Perform phage infections for 30 min in a 37°C water bath without shaking using exponentially growing bacteria... 

Inoculate individual colonies from the plates of phage-infected TGI spread after the desired round of selection into 150 pL 2X TY-AMP-GLU into 96-well plates. Use a toothpick or a small pipet tip as inoculating device. After inoculation, use the same device to touch a replica 2X TY-AMP-GLU plate with a numbered grid... 

Inoculate colonies from the plates of phage-infected TGI spread after each round of selection into 200 pL 2X TY-TET in 96-well plates. 

Sadowski and Hurwitz have described two endonucleases synthesized in T4 phage-infected E. coli which they have named T4 endonucleases II and IV (66). 

Because high levels of display can impair phage infection, we recommend treating the phages with 10-7 M trypsin for 30 min before measuring the titer. Note that trypsin removes the displayed protein only if a cleavable linker is used or if the protein itself is degraded by trypsin. The stock solution of trypsin (10-5 M) should be freshly prepared in 20 mM acetate buffer, pH 3.0. 

JL Doull, AK Singh, M Fioare, SW Ayer. Conditions for the production of jado-mycin B by Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 effects of heat shock, ethanol treatment and phage infection. J Ind Microbiol 13 120-125, 1994. 

Bacteriophage lambda (X) is a good example for considering phage infection. In lytic infection, the injected linear double-stranded X DNA first circularizes. It is then transcribed to produce viral proteins needed for viral DNA replication and packaging as well as many molecules of viral capsid proteins. The viral DNA is replicated and the DNA copies are packaged into new phage... 

Malmborg A-C, Soderlind E, Frost L, Borrebaeck CAK, Selective phage infection mediated by epitope expression on F pilus, J. Mol. Biol., 273 544-551, 1997. 

Viruses and double-stranded amino acids from phage-infected E. coli cells are used as inductors in the synthesis of interferons31). Interferons are just being synthesized on a large scale by a new technology 31). 

To rescue the selected phage, infect a TOPI OF culture (OD60o = 0.5) by the output phages from the selection (30 min, 37°C), spin down the cells, and resuspend in 1 mL of the supernatant. Plate the cell suspension on agar plates (amp/tet) and incubate at 37°C overnight. 

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